Uhlalutyo lwentengiso kunye nokutolikwa komgaqo-nkqubo wengxowa yenikotini eThailand

Ubume bemarike kunye nokubakho

1. Isiseko semarike kunye neendlela zokusetyenziswa

Imarike yesigarethi yesiko eThailand inkulu, kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokuphuculwa kolwazi lwezempilo, abathengi abancinci baye banyusa kancinci umdla wabo kwiimveliso ezintsha zecuba (ezifana ne-e-cigarettes kunye necuba elingenamsi). Njengemveliso entsha yokunciphisa ingozi, isingxobo senikotini sikhule ngokukhawuleza kwiimarike zaseYurophu naseMelika. Ngo-2023, ubungakanani bemarike yesingxobo senikotini buya kufikelela kwi-21.69 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zase-US, kunye nesantya sokukhula komdibaniso wonyaka wama-35.8%. Nangona imarike yesingxobo senikotini yaseThai isekwinqanaba layo lokuqala, uMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, njengemarike esakhulayo, uthathwa njengowona mmandla uphambili wokwandiswa zizigebenga zecuba zamazwe ngamazwe.

2. Amaqela abathengi kunye neempawu zemfuno

Elona qela liphambili labathengi becuba lemveli eThailand ngamadoda akwiminyaka ephakathi kunye namadoda amadala, kodwa isizukulwana esincinci sithambekele ekuzameni iimveliso ezintsha zecuba ezingenabungozi kwaye zilungele ngakumbi. Iimpawu zesingxobo se-nicotine, ezingadingi ukutshiswa kwaye zingatshayi, zihambelana neendlela zempilo kwaye zikhangeleke ngakumbi kubantu abatsha kunye nabathengi abafuna ukunciphisa ingozi yokutshaya kwendabuko. Ukongeza, iThailand ineshishini lokhenketho eliphuhlileyo, kwaye abakhenkethi bamazwe aphesheya banokuqhuba imfuno yokuwela imida yepochi yenikotini.

Ubume bomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nemingeni yolawulo

1. Umgaqo-nkqubo ongqongqo wolawulo lwecuba

Urhulumente waseThai ubeka iliso elingqongqo kwishishini lecuba, esebenzisa inkqubo yolawulo yedwa, iirhafu eziphezulu, kunye nokuthintela iintengiso. NgoMatshi ka-2025, amapolisa aseThai aqalise ukutshatyalaliswa okukhulu kwe-e-cigarette, ethatha i-455,000 yeemveliso ze-e-cigarette kwaye abambe abantu be-690 ngeveki enye, ebonisa isimo sengqondo esinamandla sikarhulumente kwicuba elitsha. **Nangona isingxobo senicotine singabandakanywanga ngokucacileyo kububanzi bokuvalwa, sinokuthi sixhomekeke kwizithintelo ezidibeneyo ngenxa yokungacaci komgaqo-nkqubo.

2. Imingcipheko esemthethweni kunye nemiqobo yemarike

Ngokwemimiselo yangoku yaseThai, ukuthengiswa okanye ukungenisa iimveliso zecuba ezingekho mthethweni (kubandakanywa ne-e-cigarettes) kunokujeziswa ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eyi-10 entolongweni kunye nesohlwayo esinzima. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kokuhlelwa okucacileyo kwengxowa yenikotini eThailand, iinkampani zinokujongana nemingcipheko yokungaqiniseki kwemigaqo-nkqubo. Ukongeza, iThailand ineemfuno ezingqongqo zokungenisa kunye neelayisensi zemveliso yeemveliso zenikotini, inyusa ngakumbi ubunzima bokungena kwimarike.

3. Isikhokelo sohlengahlengiso olunokubakho lomgaqo-nkqubo

Ehlabathini lonke, ulawulo lwesingxobo senikotini lusekwindawo engwevu, kodwa iThailand inokubhekisa kumava aseYurophu nase-United States ukuqulunqa imigaqo ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo uyayekiswa, isingxobo senikotini sinokuthi sithathe indawo yecuba zesintu kwaye sikhuthaze ukukhula kwemarike; ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba ifakwe kummiselo ofanayo ne-e-cigarettes, inokuthintela uphuhliso.

Ubume bokhuphiswano kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba

1. Uyilo lweshishini lasekhaya

Iinkampani zecuba zasekhaya zaseThailand (ezifana ne-PTT Tobacco) azikangeni kwindawo yesingxobo senikotini ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, kwaye zisagxile kwicuba lesintu. Nangona kunjalo, iimveliso zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-Philip Morris International (PMI) kunye ne-British American Tobacco (BAT) ziye zangena kwi-nicotine pouch track ngokusebenzisa ukuthengwa (okufana nokufunyanwa kwe-PMI ye-Swedish Match), kwaye inokungena kwimarike yaseThai ngokusebenzisa amashishini adibeneyo kwixesha elizayo.

2. Imijelo yomda kunye nemarike engwevu

Ngenxa yezithintelo zomgaqo-nkqubo, isingxobo senicotine saseThai sinokuthembela kwi-e-commerce ewela umda okanye kwiitshaneli ezingwevu ukuze zisasazwe. Umzekelo, ezinye iinkampani e-Shenzhen, e-China, ziyawutyeshela ummiselo ngokuthumela ngaphandle eYurophu nase-United States, kwaye imodeli efanayo inokubakho eThailand.

Ikamva kunye neeNgcebiso

1. Amathuba eMarike

Iqhutywa ziimfuno zempilo: Abathengi baseThai bayamkela ngakumbi imveliso yokunciphisa ingozi, kwaye isingxobo senikotini sinokuba yenye indlela yokuyeka ukutshaya.

Indawo yomdlalo wepolisi: Ukuba urhulumente ulawula isingxobo senikotini ngokwahlukileyo kwimidiza yesintu, inokukhulula amandla entengiso.

2. Isilumkiso somngcipheko

Iindleko eziphezulu zokuthotyelwa: Iinkampani kufuneka zinike ingqwalasela enkulu kwiindlela zomgaqo-nkqubo ukuphepha ukwaphula ukuvalwa kokungeniswa okanye ukuthengisa.

Imfundo yabathengi: Kuyimfuneko ukugxininisa ukuba isingxobo senikotini asinabungozi ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kusenokubangela imingcipheko yempilo yomlomo.

3. Iingcebiso zobuchule

Intsebenziswano kunye nokwakhiwa kwendawo: Iimpawu zamazwe ngamazwe zinokusebenzisana neenkampani zasekhaya kwaye zisebenzise uthungelwano lwabo lokuhambisa ukunciphisa imingcipheko yemigaqo-nkqubo.

Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo: Phuhlisa i-nicotine ephantsi, isingxobo senikotini esekwe kwisityalo sendalo ukuze sihambelane nezinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi baseThai.

Ukuqukumbela

Imakethi yesingxobo senicotine yaseThai inakho zombini kunye nemingeni: iindlela zempilo kunye namaqela amancinci abathengi abonelela ngokukhula, kodwa imeko engqongqo yolawulo inokuthintela uphuhliso lwentengiso kwixesha elifutshane. Iinkampani kufuneka ziphonononge iindlela ezintsha ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sokuthobela kwaye zikhuthaze unxibelelwano lomgaqo-nkqubo ukuzama ukucacisa imigaqo yoshishino.