Ke, inikotini inelinye icala? Iingcinga ezivuselelwe yi-Lu Xun Mural Controversy

Ngubani uLu Xun, kwaye Kutheni Ebalulekile?

Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni umzobo oseludongeni omnye ubangele ingxoxo-mpikiswano kwilizwe lonke eTshayina, kufuneka uqale wazi ngubani uLu Xun.

ULu Xun (1881–1936) uthathwa ngokubanzi njengo uyise woncwadi lwanamhlanje lwesiTshayina. Izincoko zakhe ezibukhali kunye namabali abhenca ukungabikho kokusesikweni kwezentlalo kwaye avusa izizukulwana kwiindlela ezintsha zokucinga. E-China, umfanekiso wakhe ungaphezulu kwenkcubeko - phantse ngokomoya. Umele isibindi sengqondo, ukucinga okuzimeleyo, kunye nomqolo wokuziphatha.

Ngenxa yolu hlobo lukhethekileyo, naluphi na utshintsho kumfanekiso wakhe woluntu lunokuvuselela iimvakalelo zoluntu.

Isehlo saseMural: Ukusuka kwiSikhalazo sasekhaya ukuya kwisitshi seSizwe

Ngomhla wama-22 ku-Agasti, ibhinqa elibiza ukuba livolontiya elichasene nokutshaya lifake isikhalazo malunga nomzobo oseludongeni kwiSikhumbuzo saseLu Xun eShaoxing. Umzobo oseludongeni ubonisa uLu Xun ephethe icuba - iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo ngokwembali, kuba uLu Xun wayengumntu otshayayo.

Uveze ukuba oku "kulahlekisa abantu abakwishumi elivisayo" kwaye wacebisa ukuba kufakwe umfanekiso kaLu Xun eqinisa inqindi endaweni yakhe.

Unyuke njani umcimbi

Agasti 22–23:Isikhalazo sahlala kumajelo olawulo kwaye satsala ingqalelo encinci.

Agasti 24:Imithombo yeendaba iqale yabika ibali. Kwaqhambuka ingxoxo kawonke wonke “ukukhusela ulutsha xa kuthelekiswa nokuhlonela imbali.

Agasti 25:Ibali liye lasasazeka. Amagunya enkcubeko kaShaoxing, iLu Xun Research Society, kunye nomzukulwana kaLu Xun bonke bavakalise inkxaso yokugcina umzobo oseludongeni ungatshintshanga, begxininisa intlonipho yobunyani bembali.

Ukujija okungundoqo:Abasebenzisi be-intanethi bafumanise ukuba ummangali wayekwanyusa imveliso yesingxobo senikotini - enye indlela yecuba engekavunywa eTshayina. Uluntu lwaqala ukuzibuza ukuba ngaba le yayiyimeko “yokumela impilo” okanye “ithuba lorhwebo.”

Nge-26 ka-Agasti, abasemagunyeni baqinisekisa ukuba umzobo useludongeni uya kuhlala unjalo. Umsindo woluntu emva koko wasuka “ukuba uLu Xun kufuneka atshaye kubugcisa boluntu”ukuya "Ukuba umntu angasebenzisa uLu Xun ukuthengisa."

Ukucinga kwakhona ngemibuzo emithathu emikhulu

Le mpikiswano ayikho malunga nokupeyintwa kodonga olunye. Ibonisa imiba enzulu yentlalo kunye neshishini.

1. Ngaba Abakwishumi Elivisayo Baethe-ethe Ngokwenene?

Isikhalazo sokuqala sathi ukubonisa uLu Xun ukutshaya kuya kubalimaza abakwishumi elivisayo. Kodwa Ngaba abantu abatsha bayayidinga i-100% indawo ecocekileyo ukuze bakhule kakuhle?

• Impilo yoLuntu eNgilaniuthe: "Ukunciphisa ukutshaya kolutsha akukhona malunga nokucima yonke imifanekiso yecuba, kodwa kukunyanzelisa imimiselo yokuthengisa kunye nokomeleza imfundo."
• Uphando lwe-FDA e-USikwabonisa ukuba amazinga okutshaya ulutsha anxibelelana kakhulu indawo yosapho kunye nolawulo lofikelelokunokuba nje “ubone umfanekiso wecuba.”
• KwiYunivesithi yaseOttawa izifundoyafumanisa ukuba kwanakwimimandla evala zonke izibhengezo zecuba, abakwishumi elivisayo basazama ukusebenzisa icuba ngomlinganiselo ofanayo.

Ukukhuselwa ngokugqithisileyo kubangela ubuthathaka, kungekhona ukomelela.
Ukuba ulutsha lukhuselwe kuwo wonke umkhondo womngcipheko, luyasilela ukwenza isigqibo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, basenokuba sesichengeni ngakumbi xa ekugqibeleni bejamelana nezilingo zokwenene.

Ukubona uLu Xun emsi eludongeni akuyongxaki yezempilo. Ukuyiphatha njengokuba umntu unokuba njalo.

2. Ngaba iValue yoRhwebo inokulidlula ixabiso lezeMbali?

Elona hlazo likhulu leza xa ummangali enxulunyaniswa nokuthengiswa kweengxowa zenikotini. Oku kwaphakamisa umbuzo:

Ngaba ukukhuthazwa kwemveliso kufuneka kuvunyelwe ukubhala kwakhona inkumbulo yenkcubeko?

• ULu Xun wayengumntu wokwenene. Watshaya.
• Ubukhulu bakhe buxhomekeke kwinkalipho yakhe kunye nokucinga okugxekayo - kungekhona ekubeni wayephethe icuba.
• Ukutshintsha umfanekiso wakhe ukuze akhonze ibali lentengiso ukunganyaniseki ngokwengqondokwaye ukudelela ngokwenkcubeko.

Amanani amakhulu awakho mkhulu ngenxa yokuba engenasiphako, kodwa ngenxa yokuba eyinyani.

• UChurchill wayeyithanda iwhisky.
• UNapoleon wenza izigqibo eziyintlekele.
• Kananjalo akahlonelwa kangako ngenxa yokungafezeki kwawo.

Xa ukuthengisa kuzama "i-airbrush" imbali, kunciphisa zombini imveliso kunye nenkcubeko.

Ishishini lenikotini kufuneka lithathele ingqalelo:
Ukuba uphatha uluntu kuphela njengomthombo wethrafikhi, baya kuyiphatha imveliso yakho njengegimmick.

3. Inikotini: Idemon, Iyeza, okanye Yikhemikhali nje?

Uluntu ludla ngokulingana inikotini = umhlaza = ukutshaya.Kodwa ngokwesayensi:

• Inikotini ngokwayo ayisiyo-carcinogen.Ingozi enkulu kwi-cigarettes ivela ekutsha - i-tar, i-carbon monoxide, isinyithi esinzima.
• INicotine iyakhobokisa kwaye inokunyusa umngcipheko wentliziyo.Akufunekanga “icakwe mhlophe.”
• Uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba inikotini inokuba neziphumo ezimangalisayo zebhayoloji - kodwa loo nto ayikwenzi ukuba ibe sisongezelelo sempilo.

Ubungqina obutsha

Uphononongo luka-2024 olwenziwe yiShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (iNzululwazi ePhakamileyo):

• I-nicotine yomlomo yexesha elide ephantsi yokuphucula ukuhamba kwiigundane eziguga;
• Yazinzisa i-gut microbiota kunye nokuphucula i-metabolism yamandla, inika iimpuku "ezincinci" iimpawu zebhayoloji.

Kuthetha ukuthini oku:

• Inikotini inokuba namandla kwi-neuroscience kunye nophando lwe-metabolic.
• Iya hayikuthetha ukuba inikotini ikhuselekile ukuba ingasetyenziswa ngokungenamda.
• Ngokuqinisekileyo ayithetheleli ukuthi "nikotini ilingana nempilo."

Izingxobo zeNicotine: isixhobo esintlangothi-mbini

• Ukuhanjiswa kwenikotini okungatshayiyo, okungatshayo;
• Isusa ityhefu eninzi kumsi wecuba;
• Isakhobokisa, isafuna ukulawulwa kunye nokungafihli.

Intsingiselo yehlabathi

Imodeli yesnus yaseSweden:inikotini yomlomo esemngciphekweni omncinci incede ekunciphiseni ukutshaya kwabantu abadala kwelona lisezantsi ehlabathini.

Abasemagunyeni kwezempilo e-UK:khuthaza izixhobo zokunciphisa umonakalo kodwa ulawule ngokungqongqo ukufikelela kolutsha.

Umdyarho wexesha elizayo:

• Ukunciphisa umthamo kunye namazinga okukhulula,
• Phuhlisa itekhnoloji yokuphelisa umlutha,
• Yakha imigangatho yokhuseleko elubala.

i

Umceli mngeni wokwenyani woshishino lwenikotini ayikuko ukuthengisa kakhulu - kunjalo ukwenza iimveliso zikhuseleke kwaye zithembeke ngokwenzululwazi.

Isiphelo: Inzululwazi kuqala, iHype yokugqibela

Ingxabano yaseLu Xun eludongeni isishiya izifundo ezintathu:

• Ukukhuselwa ngokugqithisileyo asiyomfundo.Ulutsha lufuna ukhokelo, kungekhona ukuphononongwa ngokungekho ngqiqweni.
• Imbali ayinakuphinda ibhalwe ngenzuzo yorhwebo.
• Inikotini ayifanelanga ukuba yenziwe ziidemon okanye izukiswe ngokumfamekileyo.

Njengabachaphazelekayo kushishino, kufuneka sibambe lo mgca:

• Akukho mabango afana “Nikotini isempilweni.”
• Sebenzisa uphando olungqongqo ukuchaza zombini iingozi kunye neenzuzo.
• Tyhiliza iimveliso zenikotini kwicala elikhuselekileyo, elingafihliyo, elingenabungozi kangako.

Oku asikokuzifihla emva kwezilogeni. Imalunga nokuvumela isayensi, hayi ukuthengisa, ikhokele incoko.

Kuphela ngelo xesha uluntu luya kubona i-nicotine - kungekhona njengetyhefu, kungekhona njengommangaliso - kodwa njenge into ethi inzululwazi kunye nommiselo onoxanduva unokuwudambisa.