Ukubuka konke kwezinqubomgomo ze-snus zokungenisa nezokuthengisa emazweni emhlabeni jikelele
IYurophu:
1. Amazwe e-EU:
Ukungenisa nokuthengisa: Izikhwama ze-Nicotine ngokuvamile zisemthethweni emazweni e-EU, kodwa zingaphansi kwezinhlinzeko ze-Tobacco Products Directive (TPD), okuhlanganisa imikhawulo yokuqukethwe kwe-nicotine (ayikho ngaphezu kuka-20 mg isikhwama ngasinye) kanye nezimfuneko zokupakisha eziyisixwayiso.
Izigaba: Amanye amazwe awuhlukanisa njengomkhiqizo kagwayi, kanti amanye awuthatha njengomkhiqizo ovamile wabathengi.
Imikhawulo yeminyaka yobudala: Ngokuvamile okudingekayo ukuze kuthengwe futhi kusetshenziswe kuneminyaka engu-18 noma ngaphezulu.
2. Amazwe angewona awe-EU:
I-UK: Ilandela imithetho ye-TPD efana naleyo ye-EU, kodwa ingase ilungise izinqubomgomo ngemva kwe-Brexit.
E-Norway: Izikhwama ze-Nicotine zisemthethweni kodwa zilawulwa ngokuqinile futhi kufanele zihambisane nezindinganiso ze-TPD.
I-Switzerland: Inqubomgomo ixega futhi izikhwama ze-nicotine zithengiswa njengempahla evamile yabathengi.
I-Asia Ephakathi
1. Kazakhstan:
Ukungenisa nokuthengisa: Izikhwama ze-Nicotine zisemthethweni kodwa zingaphansi kwemithetho yomkhiqizo kagwayi, okufaka izexwayiso zokupakisha kanye nemikhawulo yokuqukethwe kwe-nicotine.
Ukukhawulelwa kweminyaka: Kufanele ube neminyaka engu-18 noma ngaphezulu ukuze uthenge futhi usebenzise.
2. I-Uzbekistan:
Ukungenisa nokuthengisa: Izikhwama ze-Nicotine zisemthethweni kodwa zingaphansi kwemithetho yomkhiqizo kagwayi, okuhlanganisa ukupakishwa kanye nemikhawulo yokuqukethwe kwe-nicotine.
Ukukhawulelwa kweminyaka: Kufanele ube neminyaka engu-18 noma ngaphezulu ukuze uthenge futhi usebenzise.
3. Amanye amazwe ase-Asia Emaphakathi:
I-Tajikistan, i-Kyrgyzstan, ne-Turkmenistan: Izinqubomgomo azicacile. Izikhwama ze-Nicotine zingase zibe semthethweni, kodwa imithethonqubo ecacile ayikho.
Australia
Ukungenisa nokuthengisa:
Izikhwama zeNicotine zilawulwa ngokuqinile e-Australia.
Imikhiqizo equkethe i-Nicotine ngokuvamile ihlukaniswa njengemithi kadokotela futhi idinga incwadi kadokotela ukuthi ingeniswe futhi isetshenziswe ngokusemthethweni.
Ukuthengiswa kwezikhwama ze-nicotine ezingagunyaziwe akuvunyelwe. Ukungenisa ngakunye kufanele kufakwe "Ngohlelo Lokungenisa Ngamunye" futhi inani lilinganiselwe.
Umkhawulo weminyaka yobudala:
Kufanele ube neminyaka eyi-18 noma ngaphezulu ukuze uthenge futhi usebenzise imikhiqizo ye-nicotine.
Ama-ejensi alawulayo:
I-Australia's Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) ilawula imikhiqizo ye-nicotine.
i-America esenyakatho
- 1. I-United States:
Ukungenisa Nokuthengisa: Izikhwama zeNicotine zisemthethweni e-United States kodwa zilawulwa yi-Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Izigaba: Ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa njengomkhiqizo kagwayi noma umkhiqizo kagwayi onoveli ngaphansi koMthetho Wokuvimbela Ukubhema Komndeni kanye Nokulawula Ugwayi.
Imikhawulo yobudala: Kusukela ngo-2020, udinga ukuba neminyaka engu-21 noma ngaphezulu ukuze uthenge imikhiqizo kagwayi (okuhlanganisa nezikhwama ze-nicotine).
Ukufinyelela Emakethe: Abakhiqizi kudingeka balethe Isicelo Somkhiqizo Kagwayi Wemakethe Ngaphambi Kwemakethe (PMTA) ku-FDA ukuze bathole ukugunyazwa kokumaketha.
- E-Canada:
Ukungenisa Nokuthengisa: Izikhwama zeNicotine zisemthethweni e-Canada kodwa zilawulwa ngaphansi kwe-Tobacco and Vaping Products Act.
Umkhawulo wokuqukethwe kwe-Nicotine: Okuqukethwe kwe-Nicotine esikhwameni ngasinye akumele kudlule u-4 mg.
Imikhawulo yobudala: Kufanele ube neminyaka eyi-18 noma ngaphezulu ukuze uthenge futhi usebenzise (iminyaka engu-19 ubudala kwezinye izifundazwe).
Ukupakisha nezixwayiso: Kungaphansi kwezidingo ze-Health Canada zokupakisha nokulebula.
3.Mexico:
Ukungenisa Nokuthengisa: Izikhwama ze-Nicotine zisemthethweni e-Mexico, kodwa zingaphansi kwemithetho yomkhiqizo kagwayi.
Ukukhawulelwa kweminyaka: Kufanele ube neminyaka engu-18 noma ngaphezulu ukuze uthenge futhi usebenzise.
i-America esenyakatho
1.I-Brazil:
Ukungenisa nokuthengisa: Izikhwama ze-Nicotine zikhawulelwe ngokuqinile e-Brazil, futhi imikhiqizo equkethe i-nicotine ngokuvamile ihlukaniswa njengemithi futhi idinga imvume evela kwa-Brazilian Health Supervisory Authority (ANVISA).
Isimo semakethe: Okwamanje, kuneziteshi ezingokomthetho ezilinganiselwe zokuthengisa izikhwama ze-nicotine e-Brazil.
2. I-Argentina:
Ukungenisa nokuthengisa: Izikhwama zeNicotine zisemthethweni e-Argentina kodwa zingaphansi kwemithetho yomkhiqizo kagwayi.
Ukukhawulelwa kweminyaka: Kufanele ube neminyaka engu-18 noma ngaphezulu ukuze uthenge futhi usebenzise.
3. I-Chile:
Ukungenisa nokuthengisa: Izikhwama ze-Nicotine zisemthethweni e-Chile, ngaphansi kwemithetho yomkhiqizo kagwayi.
Ukukhawulelwa kweminyaka: Kufanele ube neminyaka engu-18 noma ngaphezulu ukuze uthenge futhi usebenzise.
4. Amanye amazwe:
E-Colombia, ePeru, e-Ecuador: Izikhwama ze-Nicotine ngokuvamile zisemthethweni, ngaphansi kwemithetho yendawo yomkhiqizo kagwayi, ehluka ngokwamazwe.
EMpumalanga Asia
1. Japan:
Ngenisa: Izikhwama zeNicotine zilawulwa yimithetho yezemithi futhi ilayisensi yokwenza imithi iyadingeka ukuze kungeniswe.
Ukuthengisa: Ilayisense yokuthengisa izidakamizwa iyadingeka, futhi ukuthengiswa kwezidakamizwa kuvinjelwe.
2. INingizimu Korea:
Ngenisa: Izikhwama zeNicotine zilawulwa yimithetho kagwayi, futhi ukungenisa kudinga ilayisense kanye nokukhokhwa kwemisebenzi.
Ukuthengisa: Kuncike emithethweni yokuthengisa ugwayi, ukuthengiswa kwezingane kunqatshelwe, ukukhangisa nokuphromotha kukhawulelwe.
I-South East Asia
1.I-Singapore:
Ngenisa: Izikhwama zeNicotine zilawulwa yimithetho kagwayi, futhi ukungeniswa kudinga ilayisense kanye nezindleko eziphezulu.
Ukuthengisa: Kuncike emithethweni yokuthengisa ugwayi, ukuthengiswa kwezingane kunqatshelwe, ukukhangisa nokuphromotha kukhawulelwe.
2.Malaysia:
Ngenisa: Izikhwama zeNicotine zilawulwa yimithetho kagwayi, futhi ukungenisa kudinga ilayisense kanye nokukhokhwa kwemisebenzi.
Ukuthengisa: Kuncike emithethweni yokuthengisa ugwayi, ukuthengiswa kwezingane kunqatshelwe, ukukhangisa nokuphromotha kukhawulelwe.
3.Thailand:
Ngenisa: Izikhwama zeNicotine zilawulwa yimithetho kagwayi, futhi ukungenisa kudinga ilayisense kanye nokukhokhwa kwemisebenzi.
Ukuthengisa: Kuncike emithethweni yokuthengisa ugwayi, ukuthengiswa kwezingane kunqatshelwe, ukukhangisa nokuphromotha kukhawulelwe.
4.Vietnam:
Ngenisa: Izikhwama zeNicotine zilawulwa yimithetho kagwayi, futhi ukungenisa kudinga ilayisense kanye nokukhokhwa kwemisebenzi.
Ukuthengisa: Kuncike emithethweni yokuthengisa ugwayi, ukuthengiswa kwezingane kunqatshelwe, ukukhangisa nokuphromotha kukhawulelwe.
Afrika
1. INingizimu Afrika:
Ngenisa: Izikhwama zeNicotine zilawulwa yimithetho kagwayi, futhi ukungenisa kudinga ilayisense kanye nokukhokhwa kwemisebenzi.
Ukuthengisa: Kuncike emithethweni yokuthengisa ugwayi, ukuthengiswa kwezingane kunqatshelwe, ukukhangisa nokuphromotha kukhawulelwe.
2.Nigeria:
Ngenisa: Izikhwama zeNicotine zilawulwa yimithetho kagwayi, futhi ukungenisa kudinga ilayisense kanye nokukhokhwa kwemisebenzi.
Ukuthengisa: Kuncike emithethweni yokuthengisa ugwayi, ukuthengiswa kwezingane kunqatshelwe, ukukhangisa nokuphromotha kukhawulelwe.
3. Kenya:
Ngenisa: Izikhwama zeNicotine zilawulwa yimithetho kagwayi, futhi ukungenisa kudinga ilayisense kanye nokukhokhwa kwemisebenzi.
Ukuthengisa: Kuncike emithethweni yokuthengisa ugwayi, ukuthengiswa kwezingane kunqatshelwe, ukukhangisa nokuphromotha kukhawulelwe.