Ukuhlaziywa komthelela wokukhushulwa kwentela yase-US ekuthunyelweni kukagwayi omlomo
Inqubomgomo yokwenyuswa kwentela yase-US inomthelela omkhulu kuphethini yomhlaba wonke yokuhweba ngogwayi omlomo. Lesi sihloko sizocubungula ngokujulile umthelela walolu shintsho lwenqubomgomo lusuka ezinhlangothini ezintathu: indawo yemakethe, impendulo yebhizinisi kanye nezitayela zemboni.
1. Izinguquko endaweni yemakethe
Izindleko zentela zikhuphuke kakhulu. I-United States ibeke intela engama-25% emikhiqizweni kagwayi womlomo waseShayina, okuholele ngokuqondile ekwenyukeni kwama-30% -40% ezindleko zokufika kwemikhiqizo. Isabelo semakethe sincishiwe. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuJuni 2023, ukuthunyelwa kukagwayi womlomo waseChina e-United States kwehle ngo-45.3% unyaka nonyaka. Isimo sokuncintisana sishintshile. Abakhiqizi baseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia bathathe isabelo semakethe ngezinzuzo ze-tariff. Ukuthunyelwa kweMalaysia e-United States kukhuphuke ngo-62.5% unyaka nonyaka.
2. Amasu okuphendula ebhizinisi
Ukulungiswa kwe-Supply chain sekuyisinqumo esingenakugwenywa. Amanye amabhizinisi adlulisele izisekelo zawo zokukhiqiza emazweni e-ASEAN afana ne-Vietnam ne-Indonesia ukuze asebenzise amazinga entela akhethekile e-Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo somkhiqizo kubalulekile. Amabhizinisi akhuphule utshalomali lwawo ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo enenani eliphakeme, futhi ingxenye yemikhiqizo emisha yezikhwama ze-nicotine ikhuphuke yafinyelela ku-35%. Isakhiwo sokuhlukahluka kwezimakethe sikhule ngesivinini, futhi amabhizinisi andise imizamo yawo yokuhlola izimakethe ezisafufusa njenge-EU kanye ne-Middle East. Ukuthengisa emakethe yaseYurophu kukhuphuke ngo-28.6% unyaka nonyaka.
3. Izindlela zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni
Ukwandisa utshalomali ekusungulweni okusha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-R&D kwemboni engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2023 kukhuphuke ngo-40.2% unyaka nonyaka, kugxilwe empumelelweni yobuchwepheshe obusha bokulungiselela usawoti we-nicotine. Izindinganiso zekhwalithi ziyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono, izinkampani ngokuvamile zisungula izinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithi ze-ISO9001, futhi imikhiqizo iphumelela ekutholeni izitifiketi zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-FDA ne-PMTA. Ukwakhiwa kabusha kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla emhlabeni wonke kuyakhula ngesivinini, kwenza iphethini entsha "yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukukhiqizwa ngokwezifunda, kanye nokwenziwa kwendawo yokuthengisa".
Nakuba inqubomgomo yokwenyuswa kwentela yase-US inomthelela ekuthengisweni kukagwayi womlomo waseShayina esikhathini esifushane, iphinde yaphoqa imboni ukuthi iguqule futhi ithuthukise. Izinkampani zidinga ukulungisa amasu azo futhi zithuthukise ukuncintisana kwazo namazwe ngamazwe ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifana nokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, ukuhlukahluka kwezimakethe kanye nokwenza kahle kwe-supply chain. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuzoqhubezela imboni kagwayi womlomo waseShayina ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu futhi ibe sesimweni esizuzisa kakhulu ezimakethe zomhlaba.