Isesengura ry’ingaruka ziyongera ry’amahoro muri Amerika ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga

Politiki yo kongera imisoro muri Amerika igira ingaruka zikomeye ku bucuruzi bw’itabi ku isi. Iyi ngingo izasesengura byimazeyo ingaruka ziyi politiki ihinduka kuva mubice bitatu: ibidukikije byisoko, ibisubizo byamasosiyete hamwe ninganda.

1. Impinduka mubidukikije ku isoko
Ibiciro by'ibiciro byazamutse cyane. Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zashyizeho umusoro wa 25% ku bicuruzwa by’itabi byo mu kanwa by’Abashinwa, ibyo bikaba byaratumye ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa 30% -40% byiyongera. Umugabane wamasoko waragabanijwe. Kuva muri Mutarama kugeza muri Kamena 2023, Ubushinwa bwohereza mu mahanga itabi mu kanwa bwagabanutseho 45.3% umwaka ushize. Imiterere yo guhatana yarahindutse. Inganda zo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya zafashe imigabane yisoko hamwe ninyungu zamahoro. Maleziya yohereza muri Amerika yiyongereyeho 62.5% umwaka ushize.

2. Ingamba zo gusubiza ibigo
Guhindura amasoko byahindutse byanze bikunze. Ibigo bimwe byohereje ibirindiro by’ibicuruzwa mu bihugu bya ASEAN nka Vietnam na Indoneziya kugira ngo bikoreshe igipimo cy’imisoro ku nyungu z’ubufatanye bw’ubukungu bw’akarere (RCEP). Kunoza imiterere yibicuruzwa ni ngombwa. Ibigo byongereye ishoramari mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro, kandi igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa bishya bya nikotine cyiyongereye kugera kuri 35%. Imiterere itandukanye yo kwisoko yihuse, kandi inganda zongereye imbaraga zo gucukumbura amasoko agaragara nka EU ndetse nuburasirazuba bwo hagati. Igurishwa ku isoko ry’iburayi ryiyongereyeho 28,6% umwaka ushize.

3. Inzira ziterambere ryinganda
Kongera ishoramari mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, ishoramari ry’inganda R&D mu gice cya mbere cya 2023 ryiyongereyeho 40.2% umwaka ushize, hibandwa ku ntambwe imaze guterwa mu buhanga bushya bwo gutegura umunyu wa nikotine. Ibipimo byubuziranenge bikomeje gutera imbere, muri rusange ibigo bishyiraho sisitemu yo gucunga neza ISO9001, kandi ibicuruzwa bitanga impamyabumenyi mpuzamahanga nka FDA na PMTA. Kwubaka amasoko ku isi birihuta, bikora uburyo bushya bwo "kwishyira ukizana kw'ibikoresho fatizo, guhuza ibicuruzwa mu karere, no kugurisha ibicuruzwa".

Nubwo politiki yo kongera imisoro muri Amerika igira ingaruka ku Bushinwa bwohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu gihe gito, byanatumye inganda zihinduka no kuzamura. Ibigo bigomba guhindura ingamba zabyo no kuzamura ubushobozi bwabyo mu guhangana n’amahanga binyuze mu ngamba nko guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, gutandukanya isoko no kunoza amasoko. Mu gihe kirekire, ibi bizateza imbere inganda z’itabi zo mu kanwa mu Bushinwa zigana ku iterambere ryiza kandi zifata umwanya mwiza ku isoko ry’isi.