Kunywa ibiyobyabwenge mubyukuri "Ingeso mbi"? - Garagaza Ubumenyi Bwihishe inyuma
Iyo abantu bumvise ijambo “Ingeso”, benshi bahita batekereza abanywa itabi, abanywi b'inzoga, ababaswe na interineti, cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge.
Bikunze kugaragara ko iyo umuntu amaze kwitwa "umusinzi," bivuze kwangirika, gutakaza ubuyobozi, no kurimbuka.
Ariko ukurikije siyanse, ibiyobyabwenge ntibiri kuba kimwe gusa n "ubushake buke." Ni, mubyukuri, igice cy uburyo bwubwonko bwumuntu.
Uyu munsi, reka dusuzume amabanga yihishe mubitekerezo bitatu: ubumenyi bwubwonko, kwitegereza imibereho, na nikotine nkubushakashatsi bwakozwe.
1. Kuki Ubwonko “Bumera”? - Sisitemu yo guhemba Dopamine
Ubwonko bwumuntu bufite "sisitemu yo guhemba", yiganjemo dopamine.
Iyo urya shokora, ugera ku ntego, cyangwa wakiriye ishimwe, ubwonko bwawe burekura dopamine, wohereza ubutumwa: Ati: “Uraho neza, reka twongere tubikore!”
Ubu buryo bwahindutse kugirango bufashe kubaho, tumenye ko dukomeza gukurikirana imyitwarire itugirira akamaro:
Kurya (kwemeza ingufu)
Gusabana (kwemeza ubufatanye)
Gucukumbura (kuvumbura ibikoresho byinshi)
Ikibazo nuko ibintu cyangwa imyitwarire bimwe bishobora gushimutaSisitemu. Nikotine, inzoga, kokayine, urusimbi, n'imikino yo kuri interineti byose bishobora gutuma dopamine irekurwa, birenze ibyo ibikorwa bya buri munsi bitanga.
Igisubizo? Ubwonko butangira kwizera: Ati: “Ibi ni ngombwa kuruta kurya.”Nibwo havutse ibiyobyabwenge.
Ibimenyetso bya siyansi:
Ubushakashatsi buva kuri Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge (NIDA)yerekana ko ibintu byabaswe bishobora kongera urugero rwa dopamine mubwonko na 150% –300%, mugihe ibihembo bisanzwe (nkibiryo cyangwa imyitozo) mubisanzwe byiyongera gusa 50% –100%.
2. Ibiyobyabwenge ntabwo "Byiringiro" - Ubwonko bwa Plastike
Abantu benshi batekereza ko ibiyobyabwenge ari nko kugwa mu rwobo rutagira epfo. Ntabwo ari ukuri.
Neuroscience yerekanye ko ubwonko bufite plastike.
Hamwe no gutabara neza, ubwonko bwigihembo cyubwonko burashobora "gusubiramo":
● Inkunga ya farumasi: Ubuvuzi bwa Nikotine (NRT), imiti ya methadone - insimburangingo yoroheje kugirango igabanye buhoro buhoro.
● Ubundi buryo bwo kwitwara: Imyitozo ngororangingo, gutekereza, cyangwa umuziki - inzira nziza zo gutanga “dopamine nziza.”
● Kwitabira imitekerereze: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), ifasha abarwayi kumenya no guhangana n'irari.
Gushyigikira amakuru:
● Ukurikije a NINDEraporo, ibikorwa bya siyanse bifasha hejuru ya 70% byabantu biterwa na nikotinekugera ku kugabanuka gukomeye mu mezi 6-12.
● Ubushakashatsi muri Lancetwasanze imyitozo ya aerobic isanzwe yongera igipimo cyo kureka 30% –50%.
3. Ibiyobyabwenge buri gihe ni bibi?
Dukunze gusobanura ko kwizizirwa ari "umudayimoni," ariko duhereye ku bwihindurize, ibiyobyabwenge nubundi buryo bwo gushishikarira abantu.
● Koresha ibiyobyabwenge: Abantu bamwe biruka marato cyangwa baba muri siporo - ubwonko bwasimbuye gusa "ibiyobyabwenge" nimyitozo ngororamubiri.
● Kwiga ibiyobyabwenge: Bamwe mu bahanga nintiti bashishikajwe nubushakashatsi, bigatuma ubumenyi butera imbere.
● Ibiyobyabwenge: Abahanzi bakunze kwinjira muri "flux reta" mugihe barema - leta isa nuburyo bwo kwizizirwa.
Kunywa ibiyobyabwenge ntabwo ari umukara cyangwa umweru gusa. Urufunguzo ruri icyo umuntu yabaswe.
Niba ari ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa itabi, byangiza ubuzima; niba ari kwiga cyangwa siporo, birashobora guhinduka imbaraga nziza zo gutwara.
4. Ni iki dushobora kwigira ku bumenyi bw'ibiyobyabwenge?
● Kunywa ibiyobyabwenge ntabwo binanirana: Nibisubizo byukuntu ubwonko bukorana nibidukikije.
● Ibikorwa bya siyansi bigira akamaro: Guhuza uburyo bwubuvuzi, imitekerereze, nimyitwarire birashobora kugabanya cyane kwishingikiriza.
● Sosiyete ikeneye kugengwa neza: Ntabwo ari abadayimoni cyangwa ngo bashishikarire imirimo - siyanse na politiki bigomba kujyana no guharanira urubyiruko n’ubuzima rusange.
Umwanzuro
Kunywa ibiyobyabwenge ubwabyo ntabwo biteye ubwoba. Igiteye ubwoba nukubogama nibirango byerekana abadayimoni.
Siyanse iratubwira: ibiyobyabwenge birashobora kumvikana, kandi birashobora kuyoborwa.
Ahari mu gihe kizaza, iyo tuvuze “ibiyobyabwenge,” ntituzatekereza gusa itabi cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge, ahubwo ni uburyo bwo kubikora hindura iyi primaire yabantu imbaraga zitera ubuzima niterambere ryimibereho.