Isikhwama seNicotine eNdiya: Amathuba Nezinselele Ezimakethe Ezisafufusa——Ukuhlola Isimo Samanje Nekusasa Lemakethe Yesikhwama Sesikhwama Se-Indian Nicotine
Eminyakeni yamuva, i-global isikhwama se-nicotine imakethe ibhekane nokukhula okunamandla, izimakethe ezivuthiwe ezifana neNyakatho Yurophu neNyakatho Melika ziqhubeka nokuhola, kuyilapho izimakethe ezisafufusa njengeNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, i-Afrika ne-India ziba "inkundla yempi entsha" yeziqhwaga zikagwayi zamazwe ngamazwe. Njengezwe elinabantu abaningi, i-India ingene kancane kancane emkhakheni wombono wemboni yesikhwama se-nicotine neqembu layo elikhulu labathengi abasha namandla okuthenga akhula ngokushesha. Lesi sihloko sizogxila esimweni samanje semakethe yaseNdiya futhi sihlaziye amandla ayo okuthuthuka nezinselele.
- Isimo samanje semakethe yesikhwama se-nicotine yaseNdiya
1. Usayizi wemakethe usemncane, kodwa izinga lokukhula libalulekile
Ngokwemininingwane ye-China Business Industry Research Institute, izinga lokukhula lokukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwemakethe yesikhwama se-nicotine yase-India ngo-2023 lizodlula isilinganiso somhlaba. Nakuba isikali sisonke singakaqhathanisi nezimakethe zaseYurophu nezaseMelika, izinga lokukhula libonisa amandla aqinile. Isibonelo, ivolumu yokuthengisa yezikhwama ze-nicotine (isikhwama se-nicotine yesimanje) e-India izokhuphuka cishe ngo-30% unyaka nonyaka ngo-2023, ephakeme kakhulu kunezinga lokukhula lemikhiqizo yesikhwama se-nicotine evamile.
2. Amaqembu abathengi abancane
I-India ingelinye lamazwe asemancane kakhulu emhlabeni, kanti abantu abaneminyaka engu-18-35 babalelwa ngaphezu kuka-65% wabantu bonke. Leli qembu liyamukeleka kakhulu imikhiqizo emisha kagwayi njengesikhwama se-nicotine, futhi ikakhulukazi lincamela amafomu emikhiqizo alula futhi angenantuthu (njengezikhwama ze-nicotine), futhi liwabheka njengezinketho ezinemfashini nezinempilo.
3. Imikhiqizo yamazwe ngamazwe iyabusa, izinkampani zasekhaya zilinde ukuphakama
Njengamanje, imakethe yaseNdiya ibuswa izinkampani zikagwayi zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-Swedish Match, British American Tobacco (BAT) kanye noPhilip Morris International (PMI). Lezi zinkampani zingene ngokushesha emakethe ngamapulatifomu e-inthanethi we-e-commerce nezitolo ezilula. Ngokuphambene, izinkampani zendawo zaseNdiya azikakakhiphi ukuncintisana kwemikhiqizo emikhulu.
II. Izinto eziqhuba ukukhula kwemakethe yaseNdiya
1. Ukuqwashisa ngezempilo okuthuthukisiwe
Njengoba isigaba esiphakathi saseNdiya sinaka kakhulu izindaba zezempilo, ugwayi wendabuko uye wagxekwa ngentuthu kagwayi kanye nezingozi zomdlavuza. "Njengenye indlela yokunciphisa ingozi", isikhwama se-nicotine sesiphenduke ukukhetha kwabanye abathengi ukuthi baguquke ngenxa yezimpawu zaso ezingenantuthu nezingenayo itiyela.
2. Indawo yenqubomgomo ekhululekile ngokuqhathaniswa
Uma kuqhathaniswa nemithetho eqinile kagwayi eYurophu nase-United States, inqubomgomo yaseNdiya ngemikhiqizo emisha kagwayi isacutshungulwa. Yize ezinye izifundazwe zikhawulele ukukhangisa kukagwayi ongokwesiko, isikhwama se-nicotine, njengesigaba esivelayo, asikakafakwa ngokusobala kububanzi bezintela eziphakeme noma ukuvinjelwa, okuhlinzeka isikhathi sewindi sokunwetshwa kwemakethe.
3. E-commerce kanye nokukhuthazwa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana
I-India ingenye yezimakethe ze-e-commerce ezikhula ngokushesha emhlabeni, futhi iziteshi eziku-inthanethi seziphenduke indlela ebalulekile yokuthengisa isikhwama se-nicotine. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukumaketha kwethonya ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ezifana ne-Instagram ne-TikTok kusheshise ukuqwashisa kwabathengi abasha ngemikhiqizo.
III. Izinselelo ezihlukile zemakethe yaseNdiya
1. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamasiko nemikhuba yokusetshenziswa kwesintu
Ugwayi ohlafunwayo wendabuko (ofana ne-"Gutkha") sekuyisikhathi eside udumile e-India. Lolu hlobo lomkhiqizo lushibhile futhi lugxilile. Isikhwama se-Nicotine sidinga ukushintsha imikhuba yokusetshenziswa ngemfundo yemakethe, futhi izindleko zokuphromotha ziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa.
2. Izingozi zenqubomgomo ezingaba khona
Njengoba inkambiso yomhlaba wonke yokulawula ugwayi ikhula, uhulumeni waseNdiya angase alandele amanye amazwe ekwethuleni imingcele yentela noma yokukhangisa emikhiqizweni emisha kagwayi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukukhula okuphezulu kwezikhwama ze-nicotine kuye kwadonsa ukunaka kwezinhlangano zezempilo zomphakathi, futhi ukugadwa esikhathini esizayo kungase kuqine.
3. Izinkinga zokuzwela amanani
Abathengi baseNdiya bazwela kakhulu emananini. Izinhlobo zamazwe ngamazwe zesikhwama se-nicotine ngokuvamile zinenani eliphakeme kunemikhiqizo kagwayi evamile. Indlela yokunciphisa izindleko ngokukhiqiza kwendawo kuyisihluthulelo sokwandisa isabelo semakethe.
IV. Izitayela zesikhathi esizayo namathuba okutshala imali
1. Ukuqhuma kwesikhwama sesimanje se-nicotine (izikhwama ze-nicotine)
Idatha yomhlaba wonke ibonisa ukuthi izinga lokukhula kwezikhwama ze-nicotine lidlula kude lelo lesikhwama se-nicotine esivamile, futhi ukuthengiswa kwayo emhlabeni jikelele ngo-2023 kukhuphuke ngo-43.5% unyaka nonyaka. Imakethe yase-India kulindeleke ukuthi iphindaphinde lo mkhuba, ikakhulukazi ukukhuthaza ukunambitheka okuhlukahlukene njengezithelo neminti.
2. Ukukhiqizwa kwendawo kanye nokwenza kahle kwe-supply chain
Izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zicabanga ukusungula izisekelo zokukhiqiza e-India ukuze zehlise amanani entengo kanye nezindleko zokuthutha. Isibonelo, uhlobo lwe-Swedish Match Match lusungule amafekthri e-Southeast Asia futhi lungadlulela e-India ngokuzayo.
3. Ukujulisa ukumaketha kwemiqondo yezempilo
Ngokugcizelela amalebula njengokuthi "ukungabhemi" kanye "nokunciphisa ingozi", isikhwama se-nicotine singaheha isigaba esimaphakathi sasemadolobheni esikhathalela impilo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubambisana nezikhungo zezokwelapha kungase kuthuthukise ukwethembeka komkhiqizo.
Isiphetho
Imakethe yezikhwama ze-nicotine yaseNdiya ifana nocezu lwejade olulinde ukuqoshwa. Igcwele amathuba, kodwa futhi idinga ukubhekana nezinselelo eziningi zesiko, inqubomgomo kanye namanani. Kubatshalizimali, ukwakheka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwe-supply chain, ukuma okunembile kwamaqembu amasha, kanye nokusabela okuguquguqukayo kuzinguquko zenqubomgomo kuzoba ukhiye wempumelelo. Eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, i-India ingase ibe injini entsha yokukhula kwesikhwama se-nicotine emhlabeni wonke.