Kodi matumba a nicotine amkamwa ndi chiyani?

Monga achinyamata kugwiritsa ntchito ndudu ya e-fodya kumakhalabe vuto laumoyo wa anthu 10% ya ophunzira akusukulu yasekondale akuti akugwiritsa ntchito pano mu 2023, mtundu wina wa chikonga chokometsedwa ukuyamba kutchuka: matumba a chikonga chapakamwa.

Pamene kusuta ndudu kukucheperachepera, makampani a fodya asintha maganizo awo ku zinthu “zopanda utsi” za fodya, kuphatikizapo zikwama zapakamwa za chikonga. Zikwamazo nthawi zina zimatchedwa "pilo ya milomo" kapena "chipinda chapamwamba" chifukwa cha malo omwe amaikidwa pakati pa milomo ndi chingamu, nthawi zambiri pansi pa mlomo wapamwamba. Zikwama zapakamwa za chikonga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi snus - thumba lapakamwa lomwe lili ndi tsamba lophwanyika la fodya - koma mosiyana ndi snus, lili ndi ufa wa chikonga m'malo mwa tsamba la fodya. M’matumba a chikonga muli chikonga chomwe chimavulaza achinyamata mwanjira iliyonse. Chifukwa chakusowa kwa tsamba la fodya, bungwe la Food and Drug Administration silimayika m'matumba a chikonga chapakamwa ngati chinthu chopanda utsi.

Mikwama yapakamwa ya chikonga imaphatikizapo zinthu monga Zyn, On! ndi Velo. Zogulitsa izi zatchuka kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa: Kugulitsa kwathunthu kwazinthu zamatumba a chikonga kudakwera kuchoka pa 126.06 miliyoni kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Disembala 2019 kufika pa 808.14 miliyoni kuyambira Januware mpaka Marichi 2022.. Panthawi imeneyi, malonda a thumba la chikonga chokhala ndi chikonga chochuluka (8 mg) anakula mofulumira kuposa mankhwala omwe ali ndi chikonga chochepa (mwachitsanzo, 4 mg ndi 6 mg). Komanso, Altria ali adalengeza kwa osunga ndalama ake kuti ibweretsa mtundu watsopano wa On! Chikonga chamthumba chomwe chili ndi chikonga chochuluka kuposa On chomwe chilipo pano! mankhwala.

Kutsatsa kwa matumba a chikonga chapakamwa kumawonetsa kukoma ndikugogomezera "ufulu" wogwiritsa ntchito matumba a chikonga kulikonse, malinga ndi zatsopano. kafukufuku wolembedwa ndi Truth Initiative. Mitundu yotsogola ya thumba la chikonga idawononga pafupifupi $25 miliyoni pazotsatsa pakati pa Januware 2019 ndi Seputembara 2021.

M'mbuyomu, Truth Initiative idapereka malingaliro akuti mabungwe aboma omwe amawunika momwe fodya amagwiritsidwira ntchito akuphatikizirapo njira zopangira zikwama zapakamwa za chikonga mu kafukufuku wadziko lonse. Mu 2022, CDC idaphatikizanso zikwama zapakamwa za nikotini m'matumba awo National Youth Tobacco Survey pomwe akuti 1.1% ya ophunzira akusukulu zapakati ndi sekondale adagwiritsa ntchito izi mankhwala. Mu 2023, kugwiritsa ntchito matumba a chikonga pakadali pano pakati pa ophunzira akusukulu zapakati ndi sekondale idakwera mpaka 1.5%. Zambiri zikatuluka, nazi zinthu zina zofunika kuzidziwa pazamankhwalawa.

Kodi chikonga chochuluka bwanji m'matumba a chikonga chapakamwa?

Kuchuluka kwa chikonga kumasiyana pamitundu yapakamwa ya chikonga. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States Zyn amagulitsidwa mu 3 ndi 6 mg, Velo amagulitsidwa mu 2, 4, ndi 7 mg, ndi On! imagulitsidwa mu 1.5, 2, 3.5, 4, ndi 8 mg, malinga ndi tsamba la mtundu uliwonse. Altria ndi On! thumba la chikonga, lotchedwa On! Komanso, adzapereka mphamvu za chikonga za 6, 9, ndi 12mg.

Kodi matumba a chikonga amabwera ndi zokometsera zotani?

Tchikwama zapakamwa za chikonga zimabwera ndi zokometsera zokometsera achinyamata, kuphatikiza zipatso, timbewu tonunkhira, ndi zokometsera zina.

Kupezeka kwa zokometsera zotsekemera, zokometsera, komanso zonga maswiti zimadetsa nkhawa chifukwa, monga ndudu za e-fodya monga JUUL zimayang'anizana ndi zoletsa zokometsera za federal potengera kuchuluka kwa chikonga cha achinyamata, achinyamata amatha kusinthira kuzinthu zina za chikonga zomwe zimaperekabe kukoma. Mwachitsanzo, ndudu zotayidwa za e-fodya, zomwe zidachotsedwa ku Zoletsa pang'ono za FDA zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa mu Januware 2020, atchuka kwambiri. Kugulitsa ndudu zamtundu wa menthol, zomwe nazonso zidachotsedwa, zidakwera kwambiri, zogulitsa mwachangu ndi kuwonjezeka pafupifupi $ 60 miliyoni ndipo gawo lake la msika likuposa kawiri.

Flavours imathandizira kwambiri kukopa achinyamata ku fodya - 89% ya achinyamata omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndudu ya e-fodya adasankha chinthu chokoma, malinga ndi data ya 2023 NYTS.

Kodi chikonga chapakamwa chimayendetsedwa bwanji?

Zogulitsa zapakamwa za nikotini, pakadali pano, sizinayendetsedwe mwamphamvu monga momwe fodya wina amapangira. A FDA amaika malamulo ena pazinthuzi, kuphatikizapo zofunika kuti opanga apereke zambiri ku bungwe, kugwiritsa ntchito zilembo zochenjeza za chikonga, ndikutsatira malamulo oletsa malonda. Palibe malamulo amakono a boma omwe amaletsa kapena kuletsa kugulitsa matumba a chikonga chapakamwa, ndipo zoletsa zamalonda pazinthu izi sizili zokhwima monga za fodya woyaka.

Kodi matumba amkamwa a chikonga amakhala ndi thanzi lanji?

Ngakhale zotsatira za thanzi za nthawi yayitali za matumba a chikonga monga Zyn sizikudziwikabe, kugwiritsa ntchito chikonga chamtundu uliwonse ndikoopsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito chikonga paunyamata kumatha kusokoneza mapangidwe a mabwalo aubongo omwe amawongolera chidwi, kuphunzira, komanso kutengeka ndi zizolowezi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti zaka zoyambirira za kugwiritsira ntchito chikonga zimayenderana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa tsiku ndi tsiku komanso moyo wonse wa chikonga kudalira. Kugwiritsa ntchito chikonga kungathenso onjezerani zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo ndi nkhawa.

Truth Initiative ikulimbikitsa a FDA kuti achotse zinthu zonse zosaloledwa za nikotini zapakamwa pamsika, kuphatikiza Zyn. Pofuna kupewa kuti achinyamata asamagwiritse ntchito fodya, n'kofunika kuti asiye kununkhira kwa fodya, monganso kukhazikitsa malamulo oletsa kutsatsa malonda.

Kusiya zikwama zapakamwa za chikonga

Kusiya matumba a chikonga pakamwa ngati Zyn kungakhale kovuta, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chikonga mu Zyn kungayambitse chizolowezi cha chikonga. Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti, mutha kusiya Zyn ndi njira zofananira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusiya zinthu zina za chikonga.

Werengani za momwe mungasiyire Zyn ndi zikwama zina zapakamwa za nikotini kuchokera ku EX, pulogalamu yotsimikizika yoletsa kusuta motsogozedwa ndi ndalama ndi Truth Initiative.