Ziziphi izingxobo zenikotini zomlomo?

Njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwe-e-cigarette yolutsha kuhlala kuyinkxalabo yempilo yoluntu I-10% yabafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo ababika ukusetyenziswa kwangoku ngo-2023, uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwemveliso yenikotini enencasa lufumana ukuthandwa: iipowutshi zenikotini zomlomo.

Njengoko ukuncipha kokutshaya icuba, iinkampani zecuba ziye zatshintshela kwimveliso yecuba “engenamsi,” kuquka nezingxobo zenikotini ezifakwa emlonyeni. Izingxobo ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba yi "lip pillow" okanye "upper decky" ngenxa yendawo apho zibekwe khona phakathi komlomo neentsini, rhoqo phantsi komlebe ongentla. Izingxobo ze nicotine zomlomo zisetyenziswa ngokufanayo kwi snus - isingxobo somlomo esinegqabi lecuba elikrazukileyo - kodwa ngokungafaniyo nesnus, ziqulethe umgubo wenikotine endaweni yegqabi lecuba. Izingxobo zenikotini zinenikotini eyingozi kubantu abatsha nangaluphi na uhlobo. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwegqabi lecuba, i-Food and Drug Administration ayikhethi iipogi ze-nicotine zomlomo njengemveliso yecuba engenamsi.

Izingxobo zenikotini zomlomo ziquka iibrendi ezifana neZyn, On! kunye noVelo. Ezi mveliso ziye zafumana ukuthandwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje: Ukuthengiswa ngokubanzi kweemveliso zesingxobo senikotini kunyuke ukusuka kwi-126.06 yezigidi zeeyunithi ukusuka ku-Agasti ukuya kuDisemba ka-2019 ukuya kwi-808.14 yezigidi zeeyunithi ukusuka ngoJanuwari ukuya kuMatshi ka-2022.. Ngeli xesha, ukuthengiswa kweemveliso zesingxobo se-nicotine eziqulethe i-concentration ephezulu ye-nicotine (8 mg) yanda ngokukhawuleza kuneemveliso ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-nicotine (umzekelo, i-4 mg kunye ne-6 mg). Ukongeza, i-Altria ine ibhengezwe kubatyali-mali bayo ukuba iza kwazisa inguqulelo entsha yayo On! Imveliso yesingxobo senikotini enoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwenikotini kuneOn yayo yangoku! iimveliso.

Izibhengezo zeengxowa zomlomo zenikotini ziqaqambisa incasa kwaye zigxininisa “inkululeko” yokusebenzisa iipowutshi zenikotini naphi na, ngokutsho kwentsha. uphando oluqulunqwe yiNyaniso Initiative. Iimpawu eziphambili zengxowa yenicotine zichithe phantse i-25 yezigidi zeedola kwiintengiso phakathi kukaJanuwari 2019 kunye noSeptemba 2021.

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, iNyaniso yeNyaniso ingenise izindululo zokuba ii-arhente zomdibaniso ezibeka iliso kusetyenziso lwecuba zibandakanya imilinganiselo yeengxowa zomlomo zenicotine kuphando lwesizwe. Ngo-2022, i-CDC yabandakanya iipogi ze-nicotine zomlomo kwiingxowa zabo UPhando lweCuba loLutsha lweSizwe apho baqikelela ukuba i-1.1% yabafundi bezikolo zamabanga aphakathi naphakamileyo baye bazisebenzisa ezi zinto iimveliso. Ngo-2023, ukusetyenziswa kwangoku kweepogi zenikotini phakathi kwabafundi besikolo esiphakathi naphakamileyo inyuke yaya kutsho kwi-1.5%. Njengoko ulwazi oluninzi luvela, nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzazi malunga nezi mveliso.

Ingakanani inikotini esezingxoweni zenikotini zomlomo?

Ugxininiso lweNicotine luyohluka kwiimpawu zesingxobo senikotini ngomlomo. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States iZyn ithengiswa kwi-3 kunye ne-6 mg, iVelo ithengiswa kwi-2, 4, kunye ne-7 mg, kunye ne-On! ithengiswa kwi-1.5, 2, 3.5, 4, kunye ne-8 mg, ngokutsho kwewebhusayithi ye-brand nganye. I-Altria entsha ivuliwe! imveliso yesingxobo nicotine, ebizwa On! Ukongeza, iya kunika amandla e-nicotine ye-6, i-9, kunye ne-12mg.

Zeziphi iincasa ezifika kwizingxobo zenikotini?

Izingxobo zenikotini zomlomo ziza kuluhlu lweencasa ezinobuhlobo kulutsha, kubandakanywa iziqhamo, i-mint, kunye nezinye iziqholo.

Ubukho bencasa eswiti, eneziqhamo, kunye neencasa ezifana neelekese kuyakhathaza kuba, njengoko i-e-cigarettes esekwe kwi-pod efana ne-JUUL ijongana nezithintelo zencasa ye-federal ekuphenduleni kumazinga aphezulu e-vaping yolutsha, abantu abancinci banokutshintshela kwezinye iimveliso ze-nicotine ezisabonelela ngeencasa. Umzekelo, i-e-cigarettes elahlayo, ekhululwe kwi- Izithintelo zencasa eziyinxalenye ye-FDA eyenziwe ngoJanyuwari ka-2020, ziye zanda ngokuthandwa ngabantu. Ukuthengiswa kwe-e-cigarette enencasa ye-menthol, nazo eziye zaxolelwa, ifumene ukunyuka okukrakra, ngokukhawuleza kweentengiso kunye ne ukwanda phantse kwezigidi ezingama-60 zeerandi kunye nesabelo sayo semarike ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kabini.

Iincasa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekutsaleleni ulutsha kwiimveliso zecuba - I-89% yabasebenzisi abancinci be-e-cigarette bakhethe imveliso enencasa, ngokutsho kwedatha ye-NYTS ye-2023.

Zilawulwa njani iimveliso zenikotini ngomlomo?

Iimveliso zomlomo zenikotini, okwangoku, azikalawulwa ngokungqongqo njengezinye iimveliso zecuba. I-FDA ibeka imimiselo ethile kwezi mveliso, kuquka iimfuno zokuba abavelisi bangenise ulwazi oluthile kwi-arhente, basebenzise iilebhile ezilumkisayo zenikotini, kunye nokuthobela izithintelo ezithile ezisisiseko zentengiso. Akukho migaqo yangoku yomanyano ekhoyo ethintela okanye ethintela ukuthengiswa kweengxowa zenikotini zomlomo, kwaye imiqathango yokuthengisa kwezi mveliso ayingqongqo njengaleyo ikwiimveliso zecuba ezitshayo.

Zithini iimpembelelo zempilo zezingxobo zenikotini zomlomo?

Ngelixa iziphumo ezithile zempilo yexesha elide yeepowutshi zenikotini ezifana neZyn zihlala zingaziwa, ukusetyenziswa kolutsha lwenikotini nangaluphi na uhlobo akukhuselekanga. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-nikotini ngexesha lokufikisa kunokuphazamisa ukwakheka kweesekethe zobuchopho ezilawula ingqalelo, ukufunda, kunye nokuba sesichengeni sokuba likhoboka. Uphando lubonise ubudala bokusetyenziswa kwe-nicotine buhambelana nokusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla kunye ne-nicotine yobomi ukuxhomekeka. Ukusetyenziswa kweNicotine nako ukuqinisa iimpawu zokudakumba kunye nokuxhalaba.

INyaniso yeNyaniso ikhuthaza kakhulu i-FDA ukuba isuse zonke iimveliso ze-nicotine zomlomo ezingagunyaziswanga kwimarike, kuquka iZyn. Ukuthintela ulutsha ekusebenziseni ezi mveliso, ukuphelisa zonke iincasa kwiimveliso zecuba kubalulekile, njengoko kunjalo ngokumisela imiqathango yokuthintela ukuchanabeka kwintengiso.

Ukuyeka iipogi zenikotini zomlomo

Ukuyeka iipogi ze-nicotine zomlomo ezifana ne-Zyn kunokuba ngumngeni, kwaye amanqanaba aphezulu e-nicotine e-Zyn angakhokelela kumlutha we-nicotine. Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba, unokuyeka iZyn kunye neendlela ezifanayo ezisetyenziselwa ukuyeka ezinye iimveliso ze-nicotine.

Funda malunga nendlela yokuyeka iZyn kunye nezinye iipogi zenikotini zomlomo evela kwi-EX, inkqubo yokuphelisa icuba eqinisekisiweyo ekhokelwa yaxhaswa ngemali yiNyaniso yeNyaniso.