Umsuka: Kusukela kugwayi wasendulo kuya emaphaketheni anamuhla angenantuthu
1. Isiko likagwayi ohlafunwayo eNyakatho Yurophu
Ukuxoxa izindaba kufanele kuqale kusukela eNyakatho Yurophu. Ngekhulu le-19, izisebenzi zaseSweden zaqala ukuhlafuna ugwayi wendawo (i-snus) - umkhiqizo kagwayi omanzi owawubekwe ngaphansi kodebe olungenhla futhi ungashiswa - ukuze uhlale uphapheme emakhazeni. Le ndlela igwema amalangabi avulekile kanye nentuthu ngesikhathi sokubhema, futhi ivumela ukukhululwa kwe-nicotine okude nokushelelayo.
2. Ukushintshela 'kungabhemi'
Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20, kwavela ukunyakaza kwezempilo yomphakathi, futhi abantu abaningi babenethemba lokususa itiyela nokubhema emaqabunga kagwayi. Izinkampani ezenza imithi zizama ukwenza ezinye izindlela ze-nicotine ezifana neshungamu nama-patches, kodwa azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo "somphakathi" kanye "nomkhosi". Ngakho-ke, abathuthukisi baphendule ukunaka kwabo emuva ekuphatheni nasekufihlekeni kwe-Snus - kulokhu, babefuna ukususa ugwayi futhi bashiye i-nicotine nokunambitha.
2, Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo: Ukuqanjwa Kwemikhiqizo Emisha kanye Nokutshalwa Kwemakethe
1. Izilingo zamanzi zangaphambi kwesikhathi (2000-2015)
Ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, abakhiqizi abambalwa abancane baseYurophu bethula iqoqo lokuqala "lezikhwama ze-nicotine", elaliqukethe usawoti we-nicotine, imicu yezitshalo, nezinongo. Yize lo mqondo uyinoveli, awukaze udume kabanzi ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo okukodwa kanye nokukhishwa kwe-nicotine okungalingani.
2. Ukufakwa kwesikali esikhulu nokuthuthukiswa kwefomula (2015-2019)
Cishe ngo-2015, izinkampani zikagwayi ezinkulu e-Sweden, ezifana ne-Swedish Match, zathuthukisa amafomula azo ngokuthuthukisa inani le-pH ukwenza ukukhishwa kwe-nicotine kube bushelelezi; Yethula i-fiber substrate yokhuni enokunambitheka okungcono; Futhi ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka okuhlukahlukene okufana ne-mint, izithelo, ikhofi, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, baqala ukuxhumana nama-ejensi alawulayo eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika ukuze bavule indlela yokufakwa ohlwini okusemthethweni.
3, Ukukhula okuqhume ngemva kuka-2020: Abashayeli abane abakhulu 1. Ukulawulwa kukagwayi kanye nengcindezi yezempilo yomphakathi Izimakethe eziningi emhlabeni wonke zaqinisa imithetho yokushiswa kukagwayi cishe ngo-2020- ukukhushulwa kwezintela, ukuvimbela ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi, kanye nokuthuthukisa izexwayiso zokupakisha. Ngokuphambene, amaphekhi e-nicotine abhekwa "njengemikhiqizo yokunciphisa ingozi" ngamazwe athile ngenxa yemvelo yawo "yokungabhemi" kanye "nokungafaki itiyela", futhi athole ukulawulwa okukhululekile.
2. Ukuqwashisa ngezempilo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa
Abathengi abaningi ngokwengeziwe bafuna ukuqeda imiphumela eyingozi yentuthu kagwayi emaphashini abo kanye nalabo abaseduze nabo, kodwa abakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwe-nicotine. Isikhwama se-Nicotine silinganisa isidingo "sokuyeka ukubhema okuzanyiwe" nesidingo "se-nicotine yomphakathi" - ayinalo iphunga lentuthu, ayinalo intuthu kagwayi, futhi kulula ukuyiphatha.3. Amashaneli kanye Nokusabalalisa Imali Yezinkampani Ezinkulu
Izikhondlakhondla zikagwayi ezifana neBritish American Tobacco BAT kanye noPhilip Morris PMI batshale imali noma basungula ezabo izinhlobo (isb. ZYN, VELO). Basebenzisa inethiwekhi yabo yokusabalalisa yomhlaba wonke kanye nesabelomali sokumaketha ukusabalalisa imikhiqizo yabo ngokushesha ezitolo, e-commerce, kanye nenkundla yezokuxhumana.