Izinga lokubhema eSweden lehle lafinyelela ku-5.6%, okulisondeza esimweni sokungabhemi

Uhulumeni waseSweden ukuqinisekisile ngokusemthethweni ukuthi izinga labantu ababhemayo lehle lafinyelela ku-5.6%, okwenza leli lizwe libe ngelokuqala e-Europe ukufinyelela ezingeni lokungabhemi.

E-European Union nase-United Kingdom, ukungabhemi kusho ngaphansi kuka-5% wabantu abathile ababhemayo.

Impumelelo enkulu yaseSweden ingenxa Yokuncishiswa Kokulimala Kogwayi (THR). Kodwa ngaphandle kukagwayi we-elekthronikhi, othathe isikhundla sikagwayi e-UK, noma imikhiqizo kagwayi eshisiwe, ukuthengiswa kukagwayi kwehle kakhulu eJapan, inketho yesithathu enkulu ye-THR iwukhiye wendaba yaseSweden: i-snus, umkhiqizo omanzi kagwayi womlomo obekwe ngaphakathi kodebe olungaphezulu ukuze usetshenziswe.

Amazinga okubhema eSweden ehle ngokushesha emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule: kusuka ku-40% ngo-1976 kuya ku-15% ngo-2002 kwabesilisa futhi kusuka ku-34% kuya ku-20% kwabesifazane.

Yiqiniso, la mazinga ayaqhubeka ehla, njengoba ukwanda kokubhema ngomlomo - ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamadoda - kukhula ngokufanayo, okuphakamisa umphumela wokubuyisela esikhundleni.

Ucwaningo luphinde lwaveza ukuthi amazinga omdlavuza wamaphaphu nesifo senhliziyo ehlile, ikakhulukazi kwabesilisa, futhi ahlala ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe asethuthukile asebebhema isikhathi eside.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-snus kuyisiko e-Sweden: eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, i-snus yayibaluleke kakhulu ezweni kunokubhema. Yabe isiwa, yaphinde yabuyela emuva kusukela ngawo-1970, yadlula ukubhema futhi ngawo-1990. Kuze kube muva nje, ohulumeni bebelokhu bekhuthaza abantu ukuba bashintshe ugwayi babheme ngomlomo ngezintela.

Abagqugquzeli be-THR bavame ukuqaphela ukuthi i-WHO ibonakala iyinyanya imikhiqizo ye-nicotine ephephile, futhi bavame ukukhomba iSweden njengemodeli engaphindwa noma okungenani ifundwe ngokucophelela.

"Amadoda aseSweden adla ugwayi omningi njengamadoda akwezinye izindawo eYurophu, kodwa kakhulu ngemilomo kunogwayi - futhi kade benza kanjalo." U-Karl Erik Lund, PhD, umcwaningi ophezulu oneziqu kwezempilo yomphakathi eNorway. "Kodwa njengoba ngisebenze emphakathini olawula ugwayi iminyaka engu-36, umbono wami uwukuthi kunzima ukwamukela ukuthi ukutholakala kukagwayi ophuzwayo kungase kube nomthelela omkhulu ekunciphiseni ukubhema kunemithetho yokulawula ugwayi esiyilwele impilo yethu yonke."

Emcimbini wakamuva ohlelwe yiKomidi le-Stockholm Oral Nicotine, uDkt. Karl Fagerstrom, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseSweden kanye nelungu elisungula le-Society for Nicotine and Tobacco Research (SRNT), wabelane, Uthemba ukuthi umongameli waseSweden ozayo we-EU uzoba yithuba elihle lokuhlanganyela indaba yabo yempumelelo ye-5% namanye amazwe e-EU.

"ISweden izosingatha uMkhandlu Wongqongqoshe olandelayo, ojikelezayo phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu e-EU njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kusukela ngoJanuwari 2023, futhi ukhuthaze umthetho we-EU. Sithemba ukuthi iSweden izophana ngokwanele ukwabelana ngalobu buchwepheshe emazweni ngamazwe." “Wengeza.

I-European Union ikuvimbele ukudayiswa kukagwayi odluliselwa ngomlomo kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, kodwa iSweden, eyajoyina i-EU ngemva nje kokuvinjelwa, yavunyelwa. Sekukonke, i-EU ihlose ukuthi ingabhemi ngo-2040.

I-England, eye yamukele kakhulu ugwayi we-elekthronikhi, inethemba lokuthi izofinyelela kulowo mngcele ngo-2030.

Iqiniso lokuthi ugwayi odluliselwa ngomlomo awutholakali kalula ukuthi udayiswe ku-EU yonkana ngokusobala kwenze i-Swedish Match - umkhiqizi ohamba phambili emhlabeni wosikilidi ophunywayo, okwenza futhi amaphakethe e-Zyn nicotine athandwa kakhulu - aphendukele emakethe yase-US.

Ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, kusukela ngo-2020, amaphesenti angu-2.3 abantu abadala baseMelika babike ukuthi basebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi engenantuthu, njengogwayi ophuzwayo, nsuku zonke noma izinsuku ezithile.

NgoNovemba, uPhilip Morris International (PMI), nayo ebheke emakethe yase-US, yathola ubunikazi obungaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90 be-Swedish Match.

Lesi sinyathelo saba nempikiswano.

I-INNCO, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo elwela amalungelo abantu abasebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-nicotine ephephile, icele ubuholi be-PMI enkulumweni yabezindaba ukuthi buqondise amakhono abo amakhulu okuthengisa nokusabalalisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe imikhiqizo ye-Swedish Match's snus kanye ne-nicotine egcwele imikhiqizo - engawubangi umdlavuza, Isifo senhliziyo noma isifo samaphaphu - etholakalayo, ethengekayo futhi eyamukelekayo kubo bonke ababhemayo abaphakathi namazwe aphansi - I-IC emazweni aphansi (i-LM).

Kepha uDavid Sweanor, uchwepheshe ozimele wemboni kagwayi kanye nosolwazi we-adjunct eNyuvesi yase-Ottawa, usekugcizelele isikhathi eside ukuthi iSweden Match neVolvo, enconywa ngobuholi babo ekwehliseni ubungozi ezimotweni, yake yalawulwa yinkampani efanayo. Usebenzise lesi siqhathaniso ukuze agqamise ukuthi uguquko lwezobuchwepheshe embonini ye-nicotine - ngokungafani, ukusho, ukusuka ezimotweni ezisebenza ngophethiloli kuya ezimotweni zikagesi - kusalokhu kubuzwa futhi, ngokwengxenye enkulu, kungamukeleki.