Izinga lokutshaya eSweden lehle laya kutsho kwi-5.6%, nto leyo esondeza imeko yokungatshayi

Urhulumente waseSweden uqinisekise ngokusesikweni ukuba izinga lokutshaya lihle laya kutsho kwi-5.6%, nto leyo eyenza eli lizwe libe lelokuqala e-Europe ukufikelela kwinqanaba lokungatshayi.

Kwi-European Union nase-United Kingdom, ukungatshayi kuthetha ukuba ngaphantsi kwe-5% yabantu abatshayayo.

Uninzi lwempumelelo yaseSweden ibangelwe kukuNcitshiswa kweTobacco Harm (THR). Kodwa ngaphandle kwe-e-cigarettes, ethathe indawo yokutshaya e-UK, okanye iimveliso zecuba ezishushu, ezithengisiweyo zecuba ziye zehla eJapan, inketho yesithathu enkulu ye-THR iyisitshixo kwibali laseSweden: i-snus, imveliso yecuba yomlomo efumileyo ebekwe ngaphakathi emlonyeni ophezulu ukuze isetyenziswe.

Amazinga okutshaya eSweden ancipha ngokukhawuleza kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo: ukusuka kwi-40% ngo-1976 ukuya kwi-15% ngo-2002 kumadoda kunye ne-34% ukuya kwi-20% yabasetyhini.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, la mazinga aqhubeka ehla, njengoko ukuxhaphaka kokutshaya ngomlomo - ngakumbi phakathi kwamadoda - kwanda ngokuhambelanayo, okucebisa umphumo wokutshintshwa.

Uphononongo lukwabonise ukuba amazinga omhlaza wemiphunga kunye nesifo sentliziyo ehlile, ngakumbi phakathi kwamadoda, kwaye ahlala ephantsi xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe aphuhlileyo kudala etshaya.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-snus sisithethe eSweden: kwinkulungwane eyadlulayo, i-snus yayibaluleke kakhulu kwilizwe kunokutshaya. Emva koko yawa, emva koko yabuyela umva ukusuka ngoo-1970, yaphinda yagqitha ukutshaya ngeminyaka yee-1990. Ukuza kuthi ga kutshanje, oorhulumente bebekhuthaza abantu ukuba batshintshe icuba batshaye ngomlomo besebenzisa irhafu.

Abaxhasi be-THR bahlala beqaphela ukuba i-WHO ibonakala ingazijongeli phantsi iimveliso zenikotini ezikhuselekileyo, kwaye bahlala bekhomba eSweden njengemodeli enokuphinda-phindwa okanye ubuncinci ifundwe ngononophelo.

"Amadoda aseSweden adla icuba njengamadoda akwezinye iindawo eYurophu, kodwa ngakumbi ngemilomo kunecuba - kwaye baye benza oko ixesha elide." UKarl Erik Lund, PhD, umphandi ophumelele isidanga kwimpilo yoluntu eNorway. "Kodwa emva kokuba ndisebenze kuluntu lokulawula icuba iminyaka engama-36, imbono yam kukuba kunzima ukuyamkela into yokuba ukufumaneka kwecuba ezilotywayo kunokuba nempembelelo enkulu ekunciphiseni ukutshaya kunemimiselo yokulawula icuba esiyilwele ubomi bethu bonke."

Kwisiganeko samva nje esilungiselelwe yiKomiti yeNikotine ye-Stockholm yomlomo, uDkt. Karl Fagerstrom, isazi sengqondo saseSweden kunye nelungu elisungula uMbutho weNicotine kunye noPhando lweCuba (SRNT), wabelane, Uthemba ukuba umongameli waseSweden ozayo we-EU uya kuba lithuba elihle lokwabelana ngebali labo lempumelelo ye-5% kunye namanye amazwe e-EU.

"ISweden iya kubamba iBhunga elilandelayo labaPhathiswa, lijikeleza phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu e-EU rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ukususela ngoJanuwari 2023, kwaye ikhuthaze umthetho we-EU. Sithemba ukuba iSweden iya kuba nesisa ngokwaneleyo ukwabelana ngobu buchule ngamazwe ngamazwe." “Wongeze watsho.

I-European Union iye yavala ukuthengiswa kwemidiza yomlomo ukususela ekuqaleni kwe-1990s, kodwa iSweden, eyajoyina i-EU kungekudala emva kokuvalwa, yakhululwa. Lilonke, i-EU ijolise ekubeni ingatshayi ngo-2040.

INgilani, eye yamkela kakhulu i-e-cigarettes, inethemba lokufikelela kuloo mda ngo-2030.

Inyani yokuba imidiza yomlomo ayifumaneki ngokunqabileyo ukuthengiswa kuyo yonke i-EU ngokucacileyo yabangela uMdlalo weSweden - umvelisi ophambili wehlabathi wecuba elithethwa ngomlomo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba iipakethi zenicotine zeZyn ziguqukele kwimarike yaseMelika.

NgokwaMaziko oLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo, ukusukela ngo-2020, iipesenti ezi-2.3 zabantu abadala baseMelika baxela ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba ezingenamsi, ezinje ngecuba lomlomo, yonke imihla okanye ezinye iintsuku.

NgoNovemba, uPhilip Morris International (i-PMI), ekwajolise kuyo imarike yase-US, ifumene ngaphezu kwe-90 yepesenti yobunini be-Swedish Match.

Eli nyathelo lalibangela impikiswano.

I-INNCO, i-nonprofit exhasa amalungelo abantu abasebenzisa iimveliso ze-nicotine ezikhuselekileyo, wabuza ubunkokeli be-PMI kwi-press release ukuba baqondise amandla abo amakhulu okuthengisa kunye nokusabalalisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-Swedish Match's snus kunye ne-nicotine bagged iimveliso - ezingabangeli umhlaza, Isifo senhliziyo okanye isifo semiphunga - ekhoyo, efikelelekayo kwaye yamkelekile kubo bonke ababhemayo abaphakathi kwe-LMIC kumazwe aphantsi-abatshayayo.

Kodwa uDavid Sweanor, ingcali ezimeleyo kumzi mveliso wecuba kunye nonjingalwazi oncedisayo kwiDyunivesithi yaseOttawa, kudala wagxininisa ukuba umdlalo waseSweden kunye neVolvo, enconywa ngobunkokeli babo ekunciphiseni umngcipheko ezimotweni, babekhe balawulwa yinkampani enye. Wasebenzisa uthelekiso ukugqamisa ukuba utshintsho lwetekhnoloji kwishishini le-nicotine - ngokungafaniyo, yithi, ukusuka kwiimoto ezinepetroli ukuya kwizithuthi zombane - zihlala zithandabuzeka kwaye, ubukhulu becala, zingamkelekanga.