I-e-cigarettes ithandwa kakhulu, kungani i-snus isakhuphuka ngokushesha e-United States?

I-United States iyizwe elinesidingo esikhulu kakhulu sikagwayi we-elekthronikhi emhlabeni futhi iphinde ibe ngumthumeli omkhulu kagwayi e-China. Ngokusho kwedatha evela eceleni, usayizi wemakethe kagwayi wase-US uzoba cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8.3 ngo-2023, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-8.7%. Inkampani yezibalo zedatha i-Statista ibikezela ukuthi imakethe kagwayi yaseMelika izofinyelela ku-US $ 107.5 billion ngo-2024, lapho imakethe ye-e-cigarette izofinyelela ku-US $ 8.8 billion.

Nakuba i-e-cigarettes ikhula ngokushesha e-United States, izikhwama ze-nicotine (noma i-snus) nazo zikhula ngokushesha e-United States, futhi zikhula ngokushesha kunogwayi we-e-cigarette! Imininingwane evela e-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ngo-2021 ikhombisa ukuthi selokhu izikhwama ze-nicotine snus zethulwa ngokusemthethweni emakethe yaseMelika ngo-2016, ukuthengiswa kwazo kunyuke izikhathi ezingama-300 eminyakeni emihlanu.

I-Swedish Match AB ingumnikezeli we-snus omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni, ephethe izinhlobo zakudala nezithengiswa kakhulu njenge-General kanye ne-ZYN. NgoNovemba 2022, uPhilip Morris International wase-United States wathola iSweden Match Company ngamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-16. Isizathu esiyinhloko sasiwukuthi yabona amandla okukhula kwesikhwama somlomo we-nicotine brand ZYN.

NgoFebhuwari 2024, uPhilip Morris International wabika ukuthi inani le-ZYN elithengiswa e-United States ngo-2023 lafinyelela cishe amathini ayizigidi ezingu-385, ukwanda konyaka ngonyaka ka-62%; isabelo semakethe sasingaphezu kwama-70%. Ukusebenza kwebhizinisi kulindeleke ukuthi kube ngcono ngo-2024, njengoba ukuthengiswa e-United States kuzofinyelela amathini ayizigidi ezingama-520.

Ngo-Ephreli 2024, idatha ye-Nielsen yabonisa ukuthi ukuthengiswa kukagwayi we-elekthronikhi e-United States kwehle ngo-14.1% unyaka nonyaka, futhi ukuthengiswa komkhiqizo wesikhwama somlomo we-nicotine i-ZYN kwenyuka cishe ngo-80% unyaka nonyaka.

NgoMeyi 2024, i-Bloomberg yabika ukuthi izikhwama ze-ZYN nicotine snus (suscus) zaziphelile ezitolo eziningi ezifundazweni ezihlukahlukene e-United States, futhi abathengisi baseNew Jersey naseFlorida nabo bathi bekunzima ukuthola umkhiqizo.

Ngokombiko wocwaningo lwemakethe kanye nefemu yokubonisana, imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-snus kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele cishe ku-US $ 23.6 billion ngo-2030, igcine izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka lama-35.8% ngalesi sikhathi.

Ngakho-ke, i-e-cigarettes ithandwa kakhulu e-United States, kungani i-snus isakhuphuka ngokushesha e-United States? Ngemva kocwaningo nokuhlaziya, kunenkolelo yokuthi kunezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Ukwenziwa ngcono kwemikhiqizo yezikhwama zomlomo we-nicotine

I-Snus, eyaziwa nangokuthi "isikhwama se-nicotine", "isikhwama se-nicotine snus" kanye "nentuthu yezindebe", isigaba esibalulekile semikhiqizo engabhemi futhi yavela ku-snus.

E-Sweden, i-snus ibizwa ngokuthi "SNUS". Ngo-1637, igama elithi "SNUS" lavela okokuqala emibhalweni esemthethweni yaseSweden. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, iSweden yaqala ukutshala ugwayi ngezinga elikhulu, yabeka isisekelo sokuvela nokulolongwa kwe-snus.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala, i-snus yayithengiswa ngobuningi ngamabhokisi amancane. Lapho idla, yayigoqwa ibe yibhola elincane futhi ifakwe phakathi kodebe olungaphezulu nezinsini, okwakungcolisa umlomo kalula. Kamuva yathuthukiswa futhi yafakwa esikhwameni.

Ngemuva kweminyaka yawo-1970, izikhwama ezithuthukisiwe zaduma, kusetshenziswa izinto ezikwazi ukungena umswakama njengezindwangu ezingalukiwe ukugoqa impushana kagwayi elungisiwe ibe yizikhwama ezincane. Indlela yokusebenzisa iyafana, kodwa ixazulula izinkinga ze-snus yendabuko engcolisa umlomo futhi ibambezele ukukhululwa kwe-nicotine. Ibuye ibe nezinzuzo zokuba lula ukuyiphatha nokuyigcina. Ukuhona sekuyindlela ethandwa kakhulu yomkhiqizo kagwayi.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezikhwama ze-nicotine ezintsha kanye ne-snus yendabuko ukuthi aziqukethe yini izithako zikagwayi. Isikhwama esisha se-nicotine asinazo izithako zikagwayi. Umthombo we-nicotine i-nicotine yokwenziwa, futhi i-nicotine imuncwa ngokushesha ngomucosa womlomo negazi. Kuyindlela entsha ye-nicotine. Ngokusho kokuqukethwe komswakama okwehlukene, uhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezintathu: indlela eyomile, indlela eyomile kanye ne-semi-wet method, kanye nendlela yokumanzi.

Izikhwama ze-Nicotine ezamukelwa imakethe yase-US ngokuvamile zomile futhi zingezohlobo lwe-"dry method". Okuqukethwe umswakama kuphakathi kuka-4% no-6%, ukunambitheka kumnandi, ijika lokukhulula likhuphuka kancane, futhi ukusimama kunamandla.

Isibonelo, uhlobo lwe-ZYN, okuyinkosi yemakethe yezikhwama ze-nicotine e-United States, lwathuthukiswa ekuqaleni kwawo-2010 yizazi zamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo u-Mattias Sharpe-Sjöberg kanye no-Linus Mealey we-Swedish Match. Umkhiqizo wahlolwa okokuqala emakethe e-United States ngo-2014.

Ngo-2016, yandise kakhulu ukufakwa kwayo kwezohwebo, okwenza i-ZYN itholakale ezitolo ezingaphezu kuka-4,000 entshonalanga ye-United States. Ama-flavour athulwe afaka i-wintergreen, i-spearmint, i-cool mint, i-citrus, i-peppermint, isinamoni, ikhofi, i-menthol nezinye izinambitheka, ezivumelaniswe nezakhiwo zikagwayi owomile futhi ziseduze nemakethe, ngaleyo ndlela zithola impumelelo enkulu e-United States.

2. Okuhlobene nokulawula ugwayi okuqinile

Ngokuthuthukiswa kokuqwashisa ngezempilo emhlabeni wonke, ugwayi we-elekthronikhi, njengemikhiqizo yokunciphisa ukulimala kukagwayi, awunazo izinto ezinobuthi neziyingozi njengetiyela ne-carbon monoxide. Zinemfashini futhi, kulula ukuzithwala, futhi zinambitheka ezinhlobonhlobo, futhi zamukelwa yintsha eyandayo. .

Ngo-2007, i-e-cigarettes ekhiqizwa e-China yaqala ukuthunyelwa e-United States futhi kancane kancane yaduma e-United States. Kusukela i-US FDA yalahlekelwa yicala elivimbela ukuthengiswa kukagwayi we-elekthronikhi ngo-2011, imakethe ye-e-cigarette yase-US ingene esikhathini sokukhula ngokushesha.

Ngokuduma kogwayi be-elekthronikhi e-United States, ngo-2016, uhulumeni wase-US waphasisa "Umthetho Wokulawula Imikhiqizo Kagwayi" futhi wanweba igunya lokulawula le-FDA ukuze lifake amasistimu okulethwa kwe-nicotine kagesi (ENDS) ahlangabezana nencazelo yemikhiqizo kagwayi, okuhlanganisa nogwayi we-elekthronikhi.

Ngenxa yenkungu nephunga elimnandi elikhiqizwa uma usebenzisa ugwayi we-elekthronikhi, kuzothinta abanye. Ohulumeni bezifundazwe zase-US nabo baye baqinisa imizamo yokulawula ukubhema ezindaweni zomphakathi ezingaphakathi futhi bafaka nogwayi we-e endaweni yokulawula ukubhema. Isibonelo, ngo-Okthoba 2017, uMbusi Wesifunda SaseNew York u-Andrew Cuomo usayine umthethosivivinywa, okusho ukuthi kuzo zonke izindawo zomphakathi ezisendlini njengezindawo zokudlela namabha, hhayi nje ukuthi "cha" kugwayi, kodwa futhi "cha" ku-e-cigarettes .

Kusukela ngo-2024, izifundazwe ezingaphezu kwezingu-15 e-United States ziye zaphasisa imithetho yomoya yasendlini engabhemi ephelele, okuhlanganisa nogwayi we-elekthronikhi, ukuvimbela ukubhema endlini kanye nokusetshenziswa kukagwayi ezindaweni zokusebenza ezizimele, ezindaweni zokudlela, nasezindaweni zokucima ukoma.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nogwayi wendabuko kanye nogwayi we-elekthronikhi, izikhwama zomlomo we-nicotine akudingeki ukuba zikhanyise noma zikhokhiswe; futhi awekho ama-aerosols avela kugwayi ovuthayo kanye nogwayi we-elekthronikhi. Angasetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi futhi angasetshenziswa nasezindaweni zomphakathi ezingabhemi njengezikhumulo zezindiza, izitimela ezihamba ngesivinini esikhulu, kanye nemihlangano nokuqeqeshwa. Inobumfihlo obuqinile futhi ngeke ivimbe abanye, futhi ithandwa ngabathengi abaningi.

Izifunda eziyi-10 eziphezulu ezidla izikhwama ze-nicotine e-United States yilezi: California, Texas, Florida, Pennsylvania, Washington, Colorado, Oregon, Ohio, North Carolina naseNew York. Iningi lalezi zifundazwe liphinde livimbele ugwayi we-elekthronikhi ezindaweni zomphakathi ezingaphakathi. I-California ne-New York iphinde ivimbele ukuthengiswa kwawo wonke ugwayi we-e-flavour ngaphandle kwezinongo zikagwayi. I-San Francisco, eCalifornia, ikakhulukazi, kwakuyidolobha lokuqala e-United States ukuvimba ngokuphelele ukuthengiswa kukagwayi we-elekthronikhi.

3. Ugwayi we-elekhthronikhi olahlwayo ubandakanyeka kakhulu

Eminyakeni yakamuva, ogwayi be-elekthronikhi abalahlwayo sebewumkhiqizo ojwayelekile emakethe. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-CDC yase-US, ugwayi we-elekthronikhi olahlwayo uzothatha cishe u-60% wokuthunyelwa kwemakethe ye-e-cigarette yase-US ngo-2023.

Ugwayi we-elekhthronikhi olahlwayo akunzima ukuwukhiqiza. Ngemuva kokuthi ugwayi we-elekthronikhi olahlwayo uqhume ngokuduma ngo-2020, abakhiqizi abakhulu balandele okufanayo. Ukusuka ekunikezeni okuncane kuye ekuthengeni ngokweqile okukhulu, iziteshi sezishintshile zafana futhi nemikhiqizo ibe yinsada.

Kusukela ohlangothini lokuthengisa, impendulo yemakethe ibonisa ukuthi i-e-cigarettes ezimakethe ezinkulu ezifana ne-United States ne-United Kingdom, kusukela ezitolo ezinkulu kuya ezitolo ezithengisayo, manje zinenani elikhulu lokusungula elingenakudayiswa, futhi i-inventory inkulu kakhulu kunesidingo.

Ekuqaleni, izikhwama ze-nicotine zazinendawo efanele kanye nabantu e-United States. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ingcindezi yezinqubomgomo zikagwayi ye-elekthronikhi ikhula futhi imakethe ibambene kakhulu, abathengisi baseMelika bakagwayi bafuna ezinye izindlela ezintsha zomkhiqizo, ezakhuthaza ukufika kwezikhwama ze-nicotine futhi zathuthukisa ukuthandwa kwezikhwama ze-nicotine. Ukunyuka kweMelika.
Ngokusho kwabangaphakathi embonini, imikhiqizo yesikhwama se-nicotine brand ZYN isatshalaliswa kabanzi ezindaweni ezehlukene zokudayisa njengegalaji likaphethiloli, izitolo ezilula, izitolo zikagwayi kanye nezitolo zikagwayi.

Akuzona kuphela izitolo ezidayisa ugwayi we-elekthronikhi eseziqalile ukuthengisa izikhwama zomlomo we-nicotine, kodwa nemikhiqizo ye-e-cigarette yethule izinhlobo zezikhwama zomlomo we-nicotine. Isibonelo, i-Juice Head ZTN iwumugqa womkhiqizo wesikhwama se-nicotine owethulwe yi-American e-cigarette brand Juice Head. Lo mkhiqizo waqala nge-e-liquid futhi kancane kancane wanda waba ugwayi we-e olahlwayo kanye nezikhwama ze-nicotine. Kusukela yethulwa ngo-2023, ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo yesikhwama se-nicotine kudlule obekulindelekile, ikakhulukazi emakethe yaseMelika.

Amaphuzu amathathu abhalwe ngenhla ayizizathu eziyinhloko kuphela zokukhuphuka okusheshayo kwe-snus e-United States, kodwa akuzona zonke izizathu. Yiqiniso, kufanele kube nezizathu eziningi zokwanda okusheshayo kwe-snus e-United States.

Ngaphezu kukaPhilip Morris International, ezinye izinkampani zikagwayi zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana ne-Altria, i-British American Tobacco, ne-Japan Tobacco nazo zikhiphe imigqa yomkhiqizo wezikhwama zomlomo we-nicotine, okubonisa amandla amakhulu okuthuthuka kwalo mkhiqizo.

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ingozi yokusebenzisa izikhwama ze-nicotine iphansi kunemikhiqizo efana ne-e-cigarettes ene-athomu kanye ne-HNB, futhi ayinakuqhathaniswa nakakhulu nogwayi wendabuko. Emazweni amakhulu lapho i-e-cigarettes idumile, izikhwama ze-nicotine zisendaweni eyimpumputhe yokulawula futhi zikhululekile kakhulu kunogwayi we-e-cigarette nogwayi wendabuko.