E-itabi rirakunzwe cyane, kuki snus ikomeza kwiyongera vuba muri Amerika?

Amerika nicyo gihugu gikeneye cyane itabi rya e-gasegereti ku isi kandi ni nacyohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa. Dukurikije imibare y’abandi bantu, ingano y’isoko rya e-itabi muri Amerika rizaba hafi miliyari 8.3 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2023, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 8.7%. Isosiyete ikora imibare y’imibare Statista iteganya ko isoko ry’itabi ry’Amerika rizagera kuri miliyari 107.5 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2024, muri yo isoko rya e-itabi rizagera kuri miliyari 8.8 USD

Mugihe e-itabi rigenda ryiyongera cyane muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika, pisine ya nikotine (cyangwa snus) nayo ikura vuba muri Amerika, kandi ikura vuba kurusha e-itabi! Imibare yatanzwe n’ikigo cyo muri Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) mu 2021 yerekana ko kuva imifuka ya nikotine snus yatangizwa ku mugaragaro ku isoko ry’Amerika muri 2016, ibicuruzwa byabo byiyongereyeho 300 mu myaka itanu.

Umukino wo muri Suwede AB niwo utanga amasoko manini ku isi, ufite ibicuruzwa bya kera kandi bigurishwa cyane nka General na ZYN. Mu Gushyingo 2022, Philip Morris International wo muri Amerika yaguze Isosiyete y'imikino yo muri Suwede kuri miliyari 16 z'amadolari y'Amerika. Impamvu nyamukuru nuko yabonaga ubushobozi bwo gukura bwikariso ya nikotine umunwa ZYN.

Muri Gashyantare 2024, Philip Morris International yatangaje ko umubare wa ZYN wagurishijwe muri Amerika mu 2023 wageze ku mabati agera kuri miliyoni 385, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 62%; umugabane w'isoko wari hejuru ya 70%. Biteganijwe ko imikorere y’ubucuruzi izaba nziza muri 2024, aho kugurisha muri Amerika bigera kuri miliyoni 520.

Muri Mata 2024, amakuru ya Nielsen yerekanaga ko kugurisha e-itabi muri Amerika byagabanutseho 14.1% umwaka ushize, naho kugurisha ibicuruzwa byo mu kanwa ka nikotine ZYN byiyongereyeho 80% umwaka ushize.

Muri Gicurasi 2024, Bloomberg yatangaje ko ZYN nicotine snus pouches (suscus) itabitswe ku bacuruzi benshi bo mu bihugu bitandukanye byo muri Amerika, ndetse n'abacuruza ibicuruzwa muri New Jersey na Floride na bo bavuga ko bigoye kubona ibicuruzwa.

Raporo yakozwe n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi n’ubujyanama ku isoko, biteganijwe ko isoko rya snus ku isi rizagera kuri miliyari 23,6 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2030, rikomeza kwiyongera ku mwaka ku kigero cya 35.8% muri icyo gihe.

Noneho, e-itabi rirakunzwe cyane muri Amerika, kuki igituba gikomeje kwiyongera vuba muri Amerika? Nyuma yubushakashatsi nisesengura, byemezwa ko hari impamvu eshatu zingenzi:

1. Gutezimbere ibicuruzwa byo mu kanwa nikotine

Snus, izwi kandi ku izina rya "umufuka wa nikotine", "igikapu cya nicotine" na "umwotsi wiminwa", ni icyiciro cyingenzi cyibicuruzwa bitarimo umwotsi kandi byahindutse biva mu musego.

Muri Suwede, igituba cyitwa "SNUS". Mu 1637, ijambo "SNUS" ryagaragaye bwa mbere mu nyandiko zemewe za Suwede. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 18, Suwede yatangiye guhinga itabi ku rugero runini, rishyiraho urufatiro rwo kuvuka no gusimba.

Mu minsi ya mbere, snus yagurishijwe ku bwinshi mu dusanduku duto. Iyo unywa, yazungurutswe mu mupira muto hanyuma ushyirwa hagati yiminwa yo hejuru hamwe nishinya, byanduza umunwa byoroshye. Nyuma yaje kunozwa ahinduka umufuka.

Nyuma yimyaka ya za 70, imifuka yatunganijwe yamenyekanye cyane, ikoresheje ibikoresho byinjira mubushuhe nkibitambara bidoda kugirango bipfunyike ifu y itabi yateguwe mumifuka mito. Uburyo bwo gukoresha ni bumwe, ariko bukemura ibibazo bya snus gakondo yanduza umunwa kandi itinda kurekura nikotine. Ifite kandi ibyiza byo kuba byoroshye gutwara no kubika. Guswera birahinduka uburyo bukunzwe cyane mubicuruzwa byitabi.

Itandukaniro rinini hagati ya pisine nshya ya nikotine na snus gakondo ni ukumenya niba irimo ibintu byitabi. Umufuka mushya wa nikotine ntabwo urimo ibintu byitabi. Inkomoko ya nikotine ni nikotine yubukorikori, kandi nikotine yinjizwa vuba binyuze mumitsi yo mumanwa. Nubundi buryo bushya bwa nikotine. Ukurikije ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, bigabanijwemo ubwoko butatu: uburyo bwumye, igice cyumye na kimwe cya kabiri, nuburyo butose.

Imifuka ya nikotine yemerwa nisoko ryo muri Amerika muri rusange yumye kandi ni ubwoko bw "uburyo bwumye". Ibirungo biri hagati ya 4% na 6%, uburyohe buraryoshye, umurongo wo kurekura uzamuka gahoro gahoro, kandi kuramba birakomeye.

Kurugero, ikirango ZYN, umwami w isoko rya nikotine muri Amerika, cyakozwe muntangiriro yimyaka ya 2010 nabahanga mubinyabuzima Mattias Sharpe-Sjöberg na Linus Mealey wumukino wa Suwede. Ibicuruzwa byageragejwe bwa mbere muri Amerika muri 2014.

Muri 2016, yaguye cyane ibikorwa byayo mu bucuruzi, bituma ZYN iboneka mu maduka arenga 4000 yo mu burengerazuba bwa Amerika. Ibiryo byatangijwe birimo icyatsi kibisi, icumu, ibishishwa bikonje, citrusi, peppermint, cinnamon, ikawa, menthol nibindi biryoha, bihujwe nimiterere y itabi ryumye kandi ryegereye isoko, bityo bikagera ku ntsinzi ikomeye muri Amerika.

2. Bifitanye isano no kurwanya itabi rikomeye

Hamwe no kurushaho kumenyekanisha ubuzima ku isi, e-itabi, nkibicuruzwa bigabanya ingaruka z’itabi, ntabwo birimo ibintu byangiza kandi byangiza nka tar na monoxide ya karubone. Nibindi bigezweho, byoroshye gutwara, kandi bifite uburyohe butandukanye, kandi byakirwa nurubyiruko rwinshi. .

Mu 2007, e-itabi ryakorewe mu Bushinwa ryatangiye koherezwa muri Amerika kandi buhoro buhoro ryamamara muri Amerika. Kuva FDA yo muri Amerika yatakaza ikirego kibuza kugurisha e-itabi mu 2011, isoko rya e-itabi muri Amerika ryinjiye mu gihe cyiterambere ryihuse.

Kubera ko muri Amerika hamenyekanye itabi rya e-gasegereti, mu mwaka wa 2016, guverinoma y’Amerika yemeje "Itegeko rigenga ibicuruzwa by’itabi" kandi ryagura urwego rushinzwe kugenzura imikorere ya FDA rushyiramo uburyo bwo gutanga ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki (ENDS) bujuje ibisobanuro by’ibicuruzwa by’itabi, harimo na e-itabi.

Bitewe nigicu nimpumuro nziza iyo ukoresheje e-itabi, bizagira ingaruka kubandi. Guverinoma za Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika nazo zakajije umurego mu kurwanya itabi ahantu hahurira abantu benshi ndetse no gushyira e-itabi mu rwego rwo kurwanya itabi. Kurugero, nko mu Kwakira 2017, Guverineri wa Leta ya New York, Andrew Cuomo, yashyize umukono ku mushinga w'itegeko, bivuze ko ahantu hose hahurira abantu benshi mu ngo nko mu maresitora no mu tubari, atavuze gusa "oya" ku itabi, ariko kandi ngo "oya" kuri e-itabi.

Kugeza mu 2024, leta zirenga 15 zo muri Amerika zemeje amategeko yuzuye y’ikirere kitagira umwotsi, harimo e-itabi, kubuza kunywa itabi mu ngo no gukoresha e-itabi aho bakorera, resitora, n’utubari.

Ugereranije n'itabi gakondo na e-itabi, ibinini byo mu kanwa bya nikotine ntibigomba gucanwa cyangwa kwishyurwa; kandi nta aerosole iva mu itabi ryaka na e-itabi. Birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye kandi birashobora no gukoreshwa ahantu hahurira abantu benshi batanywa itabi nkibibuga byindege, gariyamoshi yihuta, ninama n'amahugurwa. Ifite ubuzima bwite kandi ntabwo izabangamira abandi, kandi itoneshwa nabaguzi benshi.

Ibihugu 10 bya mbere bikoresha imifuka ya nikotine muri Amerika ni: California, Texas, Florida, Pennsylvania, Washington, Colorado, Oregon, Ohio, Carolina y'Amajyaruguru na New York. Benshi muri leta kandi barabuza e-itabi ahantu hahurira abantu benshi. Californiya na New York nabyo birabuza kugurisha e-itabi ryose rifite uburyohe usibye uburyohe bwitabi. San Francisco, muri Kaliforuniya, niwo mujyi wa mbere muri Amerika wahagaritse burundu kugurisha e-itabi.

3. Ikoreshwa rya e-itabi rifite uruhare runini

Mu myaka yashize, e-itabi rimwe rishobora kuba ibicuruzwa byingenzi ku isoko. Dukurikije imibare ya CDC yo muri Amerika, e-itabi rishobora gukoreshwa rizaba hafi 60% by'ibicuruzwa byoherejwe ku isoko rya e-itabi muri Amerika mu 2023.

Kunywa e-itabi ntibishobora kubyara umusaruro. Nyuma yuko itabi rya e-itabi rishobora guturika mu kwamamara muri 2020, abakora inganda zikomeye barabikurikiranye. Kuva kubintu bike kugeza kubintu bitarenze urugero, imiyoboro yabaye imwe kandi ibicuruzwa byabaye ibisagutse.

Uhereye ku bicuruzwa, ibitekerezo by’isoko byerekana ko e-itabi ku masoko akomeye nka Amerika n’Ubwongereza, kuva ku bagurisha benshi kugeza ku maduka acururizwamo, ubu rifite umubare munini w’ibarura ridashobora kugurishwa, kandi ibarura rirenze kure icyifuzo.

Ubusanzwe, imifuka ya nikotine yari ifite ahantu heza kandi abantu muri Amerika. Icyakora, uko igitutu cya politiki ya e-gasegereti cyiyongeraga kandi isoko rikarushaho kwangirika, abacuruzi ba e-itabi b’abanyamerika bashakishaga ubundi buryo bushya bw’ibicuruzwa, ibyo bikaba byaratumye haza imifuka ya nikotine kandi bikomeza guteza imbere imifuka ya nikotine. Kuzamuka kwa Amerika.
Nk’uko abari mu nganda babitangaza ngo ibicuruzwa by’isakoshi ya nikotine ZYN bikwirakwizwa cyane mu bicuruzwa bitandukanye bigurishwa nka sitasiyo ya lisansi, amaduka yorohereza, amaduka y’itabi, ndetse n’ububiko bwa e-itabi.

Ntabwo amaduka acuruza gusa e-itabi yatangiye kugurisha imifuka ya nikotine, ariko kandi e-itabi ryashyize ahagaragara marike ya nikotine. Kurugero, Umutobe Umutobe ZTN numurongo wibicuruzwa bya nikotine watangijwe nikirango cyumunyamerika e-itabi cyumutobe. Ikirangantego cyatangiranye na e-fluide kandi cyaguka buhoro buhoro kugeza kuri e-itabi rimwe hamwe n imifuka ya nikotine. Kuva yatangizwa mu 2023, igurishwa ryibicuruzwa byacyo bya nikotine byarenze ibyateganijwe, cyane cyane ku isoko ry’Amerika.

Ingingo eshatu zavuzwe haruguru nimpamvu nyamukuru zitera izamuka ryihuse muri Amerika, ariko ntabwo arimpamvu zose. Birumvikana ko hagomba kubaho impamvu nyinshi zituma izamuka ryihuta muri Amerika.

Usibye Philip Morris International, andi masosiyete mpuzamahanga y’itabi nka Altria, Itabi ry’Abanyamerika ry’Abongereza, n’Ubuyapani Itabi ryanashyizeho imirongo y’ibicuruzwa byo mu kanwa ka nikotine, byerekana imbaraga nini z’iterambere ry’ibicuruzwa.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko ibyago byo gukoresha pisine ya nikotine biri munsi yibyo bicuruzwa nka e-itabi rya atomize na HNB, ndetse bikaba bitagereranywa n’itabi gakondo. Mu bihugu bikomeye aho e-itabi ryamamaye, imifuka ya nikotine iri ahantu hatabona kandi ikaruhuka kuruta e-itabi n’itabi gakondo.