Ndudu za e-fodya ndi zotchuka kwambiri, nchifukwa ninji snus ikukwerabe mofulumira ku United States?

Dziko la United States ndilo dziko limene likufunika kwambiri ndudu za e-fodya padziko lonse lapansi komanso ndi limene limatumiza ndudu ku China. Malinga ndi deta ya chipani chachitatu, kukula kwa msika wa e-fodya ku US kudzakhala pafupifupi US $ 8.3 biliyoni mu 2023, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 8.7%. Kampani yowerengera za data ya Statista ikuneneratu kuti msika wa fodya ku US ufika $107.5 biliyoni mu 2024, pomwe msika wafodya wa e-fodya udzafika $8.8 biliyoni.

Ngakhale kuti ndudu za e-fodya zikukula mofulumira ku United States, matumba a chikonga (kapena snus) nawonso akukula mofulumira ku United States, ndipo akukula mofulumira kuposa ndudu za e-fodya! Zambiri kuchokera ku US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) mu 2021 zikuwonetsa kuti popeza matumba a chikonga cha snus adakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo pamsika waku US mu 2016, kugulitsa kwawo kwakwera maulendo 300 m'zaka zisanu.

Swedish Match AB ndiye wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wogulitsa ma snus, omwe ali ndi zida zapamwamba komanso zogulitsidwa kwambiri monga General ndi ZYN. Mu Novembala 2022, a Philip Morris International waku United States adapeza Swedish Match Company kwa US $ 16 biliyoni. Chifukwa chachikulu chinali chakuti idawona kukula kwa chikwama chapakamwa cha chikonga cha ZYN.

Mu February 2024, Philip Morris International inanena kuti chiwerengero cha ZYN chogulitsidwa ku United States mu 2023 chinafika pafupifupi zitini za 385 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka ndi 62%; gawo la msika linali loposa 70%. Mabizinesi akuyembekezeka kukhala bwino mu 2024, pomwe malonda ku United States afika zitini 520 miliyoni.

Mu Epulo 2024, deta ya Nielsen idawonetsa kuti kugulitsa kwa ndudu ku United States kudatsika ndi 14.1% pachaka, ndipo kugulitsa kwa chikonga pakamwa pakamwa ZYN kudakwera pafupifupi 80% pachaka.

Mu Meyi 2024, Bloomberg inanena kuti ZYN chikonga snus matumba (suscus) anali atasowa m'masitolo ambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana ku United States, ndipo ogulitsa mu New Jersey ndi Florida ananenanso kuti kunali kovuta kupeza mankhwala.

Malinga ndi lipoti la kafukufuku wamsika ndi upangiri, msika wapadziko lonse wa snus ukuyembekezeka kufika pafupifupi $23.6 biliyoni pofika 2030, ndikusunga chiwopsezo chapachaka cha 35.8% panthawiyo.

Choncho, ndudu za e-fodya ndi zotchuka kwambiri ku United States, n'chifukwa chiyani snus ikukwerabe mofulumira ku United States? Pambuyo pofufuza ndi kusanthula, akukhulupirira kuti pali zifukwa zazikulu zitatu:

1. Kupititsa patsogolo zinthu za matumba a chikonga pakamwa

Snus, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti "chikwama cha chikonga", "chikoka cha snus thumba" ndi "utsi wapakamwa", ndi gulu lofunika kwambiri lazinthu zopanda utsi ndipo zinachokera ku snus.

Ku Sweden, snus amatchedwa "SNUS". Mu 1637, mawu oti "SNUS" adawonekera koyamba m'malemba aboma aku Sweden. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, dziko la Sweden linayamba kulima fodya pamlingo waukulu, ndikuyala maziko a kutulukira ndi kupangidwa kwa snus.

M'masiku oyambirira, snus ankagulitsidwa zambiri m'mabokosi ang'onoang'ono. Akamadya, amakulungidwa mu kampira kakang'ono ndikuyika pakati pa mlomo wapamwamba ndi mkamwa, zomwe zimawononga mkamwa mosavuta. Pambuyo pake idawongoleredwa ndikukhazikika.

Pambuyo pa zaka za m'ma 1970, matumba opangidwa bwino adakhala otchuka, pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zowonongeka ndi chinyezi monga nsalu zopanda nsalu kukulunga ufa wa fodya wokonzedwa m'matumba ang'onoang'ono. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yofanana, koma imathetsa mavuto amtundu wa snus omwe amawononga mkamwa ndi kuchepetsa kutulutsa chikonga. Lilinso ndi ubwino kukhala zosavuta kunyamula ndi kusunga. Kufota kwasanduka mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa fodya.

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa matumba atsopano a chikonga ndi snus wamba ndikuti ali ndi zosakaniza za fodya. Chikwama chatsopano cha nikotini mulibe zosakaniza za fodya. Gwero la chikonga ndi chikonga chopangidwa, ndipo chikonga chimatengedwa mwachangu kudzera mumkamwa ndi magazi. Ndi njira ina yatsopano ya chikonga. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, amagawidwa m'mitundu itatu: njira youma, njira yowuma ndi yonyowa, ndi njira yonyowa.

Matumba a chikonga omwe amavomerezedwa ndi msika waku US nthawi zambiri amakhala owuma ndipo amakhala amtundu wa "dry method". Chinyezi chimakhala pakati pa 4% ndi 6%, kukoma kumakhala kokoma, kutulutsa kumakwera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kukhazikika kumakhala kolimba.

Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa ZYN, womwe ndi mfumu ya msika wa thumba la chikonga ku United States, unapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2010 ndi biochemist Mattias Sharpe-Sjöberg ndi Linus Mealey a Swedish Match. Zogulitsazo zidayesedwa koyamba ku United States mu 2014.

Mu 2016, idakulitsa kwambiri malonda ake, ndikupanga ZYN kupezeka m'masitolo opitilira 4,000 kumadzulo kwa United States. Zokometsera zomwe zimayambitsidwa zimaphatikizapo wintergreen, spearmint, timbewu tozizira, citrus, peppermint, sinamoni, khofi, menthol ndi zokometsera zina, zomwe zimasinthidwa ndi katundu wa fodya wouma ndipo zili pafupi ndi msika, motero zimapindula kwambiri ku United States.

2. Zokhudzana ndi kuletsa kusuta fodya

Ndi kusintha kwa chidziwitso chaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi, ndudu za e-fodya, monga zinthu zochepetsera kuvulala kwa fodya, sizikhala ndi zinthu zoopsa komanso zovulaza monga phula ndi carbon monoxide. Zimakhalanso zafashoni, zosavuta kuzinyamula, ndipo zimakhala ndi zokometsera zosiyanasiyana, ndipo zimalandiridwa ndi achinyamata ochulukirachulukira. .

Mu 2007, ndudu za e-fodya zomwe zinapangidwa ku China zinayamba kutumizidwa ku United States ndipo pang'onopang'ono zinadziwika ku United States. Popeza US FDA idataya mlandu woletsa kugulitsa ndudu mu 2011, msika wa e-fodya waku US walowa m'nthawi yakukula mwachangu.

Ndi kutchuka kwa e-fodya ku United States, mu 2016, boma la US linapereka "Tobacco Products Control Act" ndikukulitsa maulamuliro a FDA kuti aphatikizepo machitidwe operekera chikonga chamagetsi (ENDS) omwe amakwaniritsa tanthauzo la fodya, kuphatikizapo e-fodya.

Chifukwa cha nkhungu ndi kununkhira komwe kumapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ndudu za e-fodya, zimakhudza ena. Maboma a US alimbikitsanso ntchito zoletsa kusuta m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri komanso kuphatikiza ndudu za e-fodya pakuletsa kusuta. Mwachitsanzo, kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala 2017, Bwanamkubwa wa New York State Andrew Cuomo adasaina chikalata, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti m'malo onse am'nyumba monga malo odyera ndi mipiringidzo, osati kungonena kuti "ayi" ku ndudu, komanso "ayi" ku ndudu za e-fodya .

Pofika m’chaka cha 2024, mayiko oposa 15 ku United States apereka malamulo okhudza mpweya wa m’nyumba opanda utsi, kuphatikizapo ndudu za e-fodya, kuletsa kusuta m’nyumba komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndudu za e-fodya m’malo antchito, m’malesitilanti, ndi m’mabala.

Poyerekeza ndi fodya wamba ndi ndudu za e-fodya, zikwama zapakamwa za chikonga sizifunikira kuyatsidwa kapena kulipitsidwa; ndipo palibe mpweya wochokera ku fodya woyaka ndi ndudu za e-fodya. Atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana ndipo atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri osasuta monga ma eyapoti, masitima othamanga kwambiri, misonkhano ndi maphunziro. Ili ndi chinsinsi champhamvu ndipo sichidzalepheretsa ena, ndipo imakondedwa ndi ogula ambiri.

Mayiko 10 apamwamba omwe amadya matumba a chikonga ku United States ndi awa: California, Texas, Florida, Pennsylvania, Washington, Colorado, Oregon, Ohio, North Carolina ndi New York. Ambiri mwa mayikowa amaletsanso kusuta fodya m'nyumba za anthu. California ndi New York amaletsanso kugulitsa ndudu zonse za e-fodya kupatula zokometsera za fodya. San Francisco, California, makamaka, unali mzinda woyamba ku United States kuletsa kotheratu kugulitsa ndudu za e-fodya.

3. Ndudu zotayidwa zimakhudzidwa kwambiri

M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndudu za e-fodya zotayidwa zakhala chinthu chachikulu pamsika. Malinga ndi deta ya US CDC, ndudu zotayidwa zidzatenga pafupifupi 60% ya msika wa e-fodya waku US mu 2023.

Ndudu zotayidwa sizili zovuta kupanga. Ndudu za e-fodya zitatha kutchuka mu 2020, opanga zazikulu atsatira zomwezo. Kuchokera pakuchepa mpaka pakuchulukirachulukira, ma tchanelo asinthidwa kukhala ma homogenized ndipo zinthu zakhala zochulukira.

Kuchokera kumbali ya malonda, malingaliro a msika amasonyeza kuti e-ndudu m'misika yaikulu monga United States ndi United Kingdom, kuchokera kwa ogulitsa akuluakulu kupita ku masitolo ogulitsa, tsopano ali ndi ndalama zambiri zomwe sizingagulitsidwe, ndipo chiwerengerocho ndi chachikulu kwambiri kuposa chofunika.

Poyambirira, matumba a chikonga anali ndi malo oyenera komanso anthu ku United States. Komabe, pamene chitsenderezo cha ndondomeko za ndudu za e-fodya chinawonjezeka ndipo msika unayamba kugwedezeka kwambiri, ogulitsa ndudu za e-fodya ku America adafunafuna njira zina zatsopano, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kubwera kwa matumba a chikonga ndikulimbikitsanso kutchuka kwa matumba a chikonga. Kukwera kwa America.
Malinga ndi omwe ali m'mafakitale, zinthu zamtundu wa chikonga cha ZYN zimagawidwa kwambiri m'malo osiyanasiyana ogulitsa monga malo opangira mafuta, malo ogulitsira, masitolo ogulitsa fodya, ndi masitolo ogulitsa fodya.

Osati kokha masitolo ogulitsa ndudu za e-fodya ayamba kugulitsa zikwama zapakamwa za chikonga, komanso makampani a e-fodya ayambitsa mitundu ya matumba a chikonga pakamwa. Mwachitsanzo, Juice Head ZTN ndi mzere wa thumba la chikonga lomwe linayambitsidwa ndi mtundu wa American e-fodya wa Juice Head. Mtunduwu udayamba ndi e-liquid ndipo pang'onopang'ono udakula mpaka kufodya zamtundu wa e-fodya ndi matumba a chikonga. Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwake mu 2023, kugulitsa zinthu zamatumba ake a chikonga kwapitilira zomwe amayembekeza, makamaka pamsika waku US.

Mfundo zitatu zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa ndizo zifukwa zazikulu zokha za kukwera mofulumira kwa snus ku United States, koma si zifukwa zonse. Inde, payenera kukhala zifukwa zambiri za kukwera mofulumira kwa snus ku United States.

Kuwonjezera pa Philip Morris International, makampani ena a fodya ochokera m’mayiko osiyanasiyana monga Altria, British American Fodya, ndi Japan Tobacco atumizanso mizere ya thumba la chikonga pakamwa, kusonyeza kuthekera kwakukulu kwachitukuko cha mankhwalawa.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti chiwopsezo chogwiritsa ntchito matumba a chikonga ndi chochepa kuposa cha zinthu monga ndudu za atomized e-fodya ndi HNB, ndipo ndizosayerekezeka kwambiri ndi fodya wamba. M'mayiko akuluakulu kumene ndudu za e-fodya zili zotchuka, matumba a chikonga ali m'malo osawona olamulira ndipo amakhala omasuka kuposa ndudu za e-fodya ndi fodya wamba.