Ashe Da gaske jarabawa ce kawai "Mummunan ɗabi'a"? - Bayyana Ilmin Da Ke Bayansa
Lokacin da mutane suka ji kalmar "jaraba", mutane da yawa nan da nan suna tunanin masu shan taba, masu shan giya, masu shan intanet, ko kuma shan muggan kwayoyi.
Sau da yawa da alama cewa da zarar an lakafta wani "mai kamu," yana nufin lalacewa, asarar sarrafawa, da lalacewa.
Amma daga hangen nesa na kimiyya, jaraba ya yi nisa daga kasancewa kawai ma'anar "ƙararfin ƙarfi." Yana, a gaskiya, wani ɓangare na hanyoyin kwakwalwar dan adam.
A yau, bari mu bincika sirrin da ke tattare da jaraba ta fuskoki uku: kimiyyar kwakwalwa, lura da zamantakewa, da nicotine a matsayin nazari.
1. Me Yasa Kwakwalwa Ke “Yi Kamewa”? - Tsarin Sakamakon Dopamine
Kwakwalwar ɗan adam tana da “tsarin lada” na halitta, wanda ya mamaye shi dopamine.
Lokacin da kuke cin cakulan, cim ma buri, ko karɓar yabo, kwakwalwar ku tana sakin dopamine, tana aika saƙon: "Madalla, bari mu sake!"
Wannan tsarin ya samo asali ne don taimakawa rayuwa, yana tabbatar da cewa muna ci gaba da bin halaye masu amfani a gare mu:
● Cin (don tabbatar da kuzari)
● Sadarwa (don tabbatar da haɗin kai)
● Bincike (don gano ƙarin albarkatu)
Matsalar ita ce wasu abubuwa ko halaye na iya satawannan tsarin. Nicotine, barasa, hodar Iblis, caca, da wasannin kan layi duk na iya haifar da sakin dopamine mai yawa, fiye da abin da ayyukan yau da kullun ke samarwa.
Sakamakon? Kwakwalwa ta fara gaskatawa: "Wannan yana da mahimmanci fiye da cin abinci."Shi ke nan sai jaraba ta samu.
Shaidar kimiyya:
Bincike daga Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta Ƙasa (NIDA)ya nuna cewa abubuwan jaraba na iya ƙara matakan dopamine a cikin kwakwalwa ta 150% - 300%, yayin da ladan dabi'a (kamar abinci ko motsa jiki) yawanci kawai ƙara su ta 50% - 100%.
2. Addiction Ba “Rashin Bege ba” - Plasticity Brain
Mutane da yawa suna tunanin jaraba kamar faɗuwa cikin rami mara tushe ne. Ba gaskiya bane.
Neuroscience ya nuna cewa kwakwalwa yana da babban filastik.
Tare da sa baki da ya dace, za a iya “sake saiti” da'irar lada na kwakwalwa:
● Tallafin magunguna: Maganin maye gurbin Nicotine (NRT), maganin methadone - sauye-sauye masu sauƙi don rage dogara a hankali.
● Madadin halayyaMotsa jiki, tunani, ko kiɗa - hanyoyin lafiya don samar da "dopamin tabbatacce."
● Shishigi na ilimin halin dan Adam: Halin hali na halayyar halittu (CBT), taimaka wa marasa lafiya gano da jimre wa masu sha'awar.
Bayanan tallafi:
● A cewar a Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniyarahoto, taimakon ilimin kimiyya fiye da 70% na mutane masu dogaro da nicotinecimma gagarumin raguwa a cikin watanni 6-12.
● Nazarin a ciki Lancetgano cewa motsa jiki na motsa jiki na yau da kullun yana ƙaruwa da raguwar farashin ta 30% -50%.
3. Shin jaraba Yana Mummuna Koda Yaushe?
Mu sau da yawa muna kwatanta jaraba a matsayin “aljani,” amma ta fuskar juyin halitta, jaraba kuma wani nau'i ne na motsa jikin ɗan adam.
● Motsa jiki jaraba: Wasu mutane suna gudun marathon ko kuma suna zaune a dakin motsa jiki - kawai kwakwalwa ta maye gurbin "jarabawar ƙwayoyi" tare da motsa jiki.
● Koyon jaraba: Wasu masana kimiyya da masana sun shagaltu da bincike, suna haifar da ci gaban ilimi.
● M jaraba: Masu zane-zane sukan shiga "yanayin kwarara" yayin ƙirƙirar - yanayi mai kama da tsarin jaraba.
Addiction ba kawai baki ko fari ba. Makullin yana ciki me mutum ya kamu da shi.
Idan kwayoyi ne ko taba, yana lalata lafiya; idan na koyo ne ko wasanni, ana iya juya shi ya zama ingantaccen ƙarfin tuƙi.
4. Menene Zamu Koya Daga Kimiyyar Addiction?
● jaraba ba gazawar ɗabi'a ba ce: Sakamakon yadda kwakwalwa ke mu'amala da muhallinta.
● Hanyoyin kimiyya suna da tasiri: Haɗa hanyoyin likita, tunani, da halaye na iya rage dogaro sosai.
Al'umma na buƙatar tsari na hankali: Ba zage-zage ko ba da sha'awa ba - kimiyya da siyasa dole ne su tafi hannu da hannu don kare lafiyar matasa da lafiyar jama'a.
Kammalawa
Ita kanta jaraba ba abin tsoro bane. Abin ban tsoro shi ne son zuciya da lakabin da ke nuna shi.
Kimiyya tana gaya mana: ana iya fahimtar jaraba, kuma ana iya shiryar da shi.
Wataƙila a nan gaba, idan muka yi magana game da “jaraba,” ba za mu yi tunanin taba ko ƙwayoyi kawai ba, amma game da yadda za mu yi. canza wannan yunƙurin ɗan adam na farko zuwa ƙarfin da ke haɓaka lafiya da ci gaban zamantakewa.