Imifuka ya nikotine iriyongera, kandi kugenzura ibicuruzwa biragenda - kuva niche kugeza bizwi

Umufuka wa Nikotine VS Itabi rya Suwede

Itabi ryo mu kanwa ryo muri Suwede ni itabi ryo mu kanwa rimaze imyaka 200. Amapaki ya nikotine nigicuruzwa gisa, ariko kirenze imyambarire nisuku. Barigenga hagati yabo nkumwotsi wo munwa. Abaguzi bashira igikapu cya nikotine hagati yiminwa yo hejuru nishinya, nyuma ya nikotine. Igipapuro c'itabi hamwe na nikotine yo muri Suwede ni ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa. Bitandukanye n'itabi rya Suwede, paki ya nikotine ntabwo irimo itabi - ni ntoya, imifuka yera yabanje kuzuzwa ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwa nikotine. Ibicuruzwa biraboneka muburyo butandukanye bwa nikotine hamwe na flavours.

Nibicuruzwa niche ku isoko niche bikura vuba cyane. Isesengura ryashyizwe ahagaragara n’isoko 360 rivugurura ryerekana ko ingano y’isoko ry’imifuka ya nikotine igera kuri miliyoni 619.9 z'amadolari, kandi iri soko rizagera kuri miliyari 12.97 z'amadolari mu 2026. Ibi bivuze ko isoko ry’imifuka ya nikotine rizazamuka ku kigero cyo kwiyongera ku mwaka ku kigero cya 53.8%.

Iki gicuruzwa kigaragara cyakiriwe neza n’abaguzi muri Scandinaviya no mu Burayi bwo Hagati n’Uburasirazuba.

Suwede ifite kimwe mu bipimo biri hasi y’ikoreshwa ry’itabi mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, benshi bemeza ko biterwa n’uko abantu benshi banywa itabi mu kanwa.

Kuva mu 1992, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi wabujije kugurisha itabi mu kanwa (Suwede yaganiriye ku gusonerwa igihe yinjiraga mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu 1995). Ubusuwisi butari mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, nabwo bwakuyeho itegeko ryabuzanyaga itabi.

Mu myaka yashize, amasosiyete mpuzamahanga y’itabi yinjije itabi mu kanwa muri sisitemu y’ibicuruzwa, haba mu kugura ibicuruzwa bihari cyangwa guteza imbere ibyabyo. Muri icyo gihe, binjiye no ku isoko rya nikotine. Kugeza ubu, amasosiyete yose y’itabi akomeye ku isi afite umwanya muri uyu mwanya, kandi udupfunyika twa nikotine kuko itabi rishya ryo mu kanwa ryatangiye kurya ku isoko ry’itabi gakondo.

Amarushanwa arashyuha

Isoko ry'imifuka ya nikotine ryarushijeho guhatanwa cyane, hamwe n’abakora ibicuruzwa bizwi bongera ubushobozi bwo gukora "umunwa wabo wumva ibicuruzwa."

Amarushanwa yatangiye igihe Umukino wa Suwede watangije ikirango cya Zyn. Umukino wa Suwede n’igihugu kinini ku isi gitanga itabi mu kanwa kandi gifite umwanya ukomeye ku isoko ry’ibicuruzwa bitagira umwotsi muri Amerika.

Ikirangantego cya Zyn cyazamutse cyane kandi cyagize uruhare runini mu kugurisha umwotsi muri Amerika kuva muri 2019. Mu gihembwe cya mbere cy’umwaka wa 2020 honyine, Umukino wo muri Suwede wagurishije amabati agera kuri miliyoni 70 y’amapaki ya Zot nicotine muri Amerika, ugereranije n’amabati miliyoni 18 gusa yagurishijwe mu gihe kimwe muri 2019. Umukino wa Suwede wanatanze icyifuzo cy’ibicuruzwa by’itabi muri Amerika.

Isabwa rya paki ya Zyn nicotine yari ikomeye cyane kuburyo Umukino wa Suwede watangaje kabiri ko uzagura umusaruro muri Amerika. Kurangiza kwaguka, umusaruro wumwaka uzarenga miriyoni 200.

Abahatanira umukino wa Suwede nabo ntibabaye ubusa. Nyuma yo kubona 80% byimigabane kwisi yose ya Burger Soehne, Itsinda rya Altria ryabaye On! Nyiri ikirango cya nikotine. Itsinda rya Altria naryo rizakwirakwiza kuri On! Ibicuruzwa. Komeza! Kugeza ubu iraboneka mu maduka acururizwamo muri Amerika, Kanada, Suwede n'Ubuyapani, no ku iduka rya interineti rya Altria Group. Iza muburyohe burindwi hamwe na nikotine eshanu zitandukanye kugirango uhitemo.

Ibicuruzwa by’Abanyamerika by’itabi mu isoko rya nikotine ni "imbunda". Ikirango kiraboneka mu Bwongereza, Suwede na Kenya. Mu bihe biri imbere, BAT irateganya kandi gukoresha "Willow" nk'izina ry'ibicuruzwa kugira ngo igurishe ibicuruzwa byayo byose bishya mu itabi - Reynolds American Limited, ishami ry’Abanyamerika ry’itabi ry’Abongereza, ryakoresheje iryo zina kugira ngo rigurishe paki za nikotine kuva muri Kamena 2019.

Kugira ngo BAT ishobore gukenerwa, BAT yafunguye uruganda rushya rwa nikotine muri Hongiriya muri Nzeri 2020, igamije kongera ubushobozi bwo gukora imifuka ya nikotine kugeza ku mifuka irenga miliyari imwe muri uwo mwaka, iyo mibare ikaba igomba kwiyongera cyane mu 2021. Ibicuruzwa by’uruganda ahanini bigenewe isoko ry’Uburayi.

Muri Kamena 2019, Nikki International nayo yinjiye muri iri siganwa, ibicuruzwa byayo nyamukuru ni "Nordic Spirits". Yatejwe imbere muri Suwede kandi iboneka mu Busuwisi, Suwede no kuri interineti, ipaki ya nikotine iraboneka mu buryohe bune.

Imperial Brands ifite ibicuruzwa byinshi ku isoko ry’itabi rishya ryo mu kanwa, harimo ipaki ya Pablo nicotine, ryitwa "nikotine ikomeye" ku isoko kuko irimo miligarama 50 za nikotine kuri garama imwe. Mubisanzwe, ubwoko bushya bwibicuruzwa byitabi byo mu kanwa birimo hagati ya mg 2 na mg 24 za nikotine kuri garama.

Ubugenzuzi ntibuhari

Muri Amerika, udupfunyika twa nikotine tudafite itabi dusabwa kugira "Iki gicuruzwa kirimo nikotine." Ikimenyetso cyo kuburira kigira kiti "Nikotine ni imiti yangiza", kandi udupaki twinshi twa nikotine tugurishwa gusa ku baguzi barengeje imyaka 21. Inganda z’imifuka ya nikotine zifite inzitizi nke zo kwinjira kurusha ibindi bicuruzwa by’itabi, ariko ubu bwoko bw’ibicuruzwa nabwo bugomba kugengwa na FDA. Ibinyuranye, isoko yimifuka ya nikotine mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kuri ubu ikorera mu cyuho kigenga. Ibicuruzwa bitarimo itabi ntabwo bigengwa n’ubuyobozi bushya bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (TPD2) kandi ntibiri mu kindi cyiciro cyagenwe. Bitandukanye n'ibicuruzwa by'itabi, birashobora kuzamurwa binyuze kuri tereviziyo, radiyo n'ibyapa byamamaza.

Christopher Fjellner yari umwe mu bagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Uburayi kuva 2004 kugeza 2019.Avuga ko mu myaka mike iri imbere, amasoko yose akomeye azashyiraho politiki nshya yo kugenzura. Raporo yatanze muri Mata 2020 yavuze ko Suwede na Noruveje bishoboka ko ari byo bihugu bya mbere byashyizeho amategeko agenga imifuka ya nikotine, kandi ko kwimuka kwabo bishobora no guhindura amategeko mu bindi bihugu by’Uburayi. Kugeza ubu, Suwede yemeje ko paki ya nikotine atari ibiryo kandi ikabishyira ku isoko binyuze mu gutanga uruhushya rutaziguye hashingiwe kuri ibyo.

Suwede yamaze gutangira gusobanura no gushyira mu byiciro ibikapu bya nikotine: guverinoma yahaye komiseri wihariye gushyiraho amabwiriza mashya. Muri icyo gihe, ikigo gishinzwe imiti cya Otirishiya kivuga ku byerekeranye n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, gushyiramo ikimenyetso no gupakira ibicuruzwa byose birimo nikotine kugira ngo bitange umuburo w’ubuzima.

Nk’uko Fegenal abitangaza ngo Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ntiryigeze risuzuma ikibazo cy'imifuka ya nikotine. Yitezeko ubuyobozi bwa komisiyo y’Uburayi ku bicuruzwa bipakira nicotine bizashyirwa muri raporo ivuga ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ivugururwa rya gatatu ry’amabwiriza y’ibicuruzwa by’itabi, bizashyirwa ahagaragara muri Gicurasi 2021.

Yagize ati: "Uburyo Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ugenga ibicuruzwa by’imifuka ya nikotine biterwa n’ibintu byibura bitatu. Ese ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bizagira amakenga kandi bisaba ko ibicuruzwa bibuzwa? Ese amategeko y’ibicuruzwa bihari cyangwa ibihugu by’ibihugu by’ibihugu by’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’abibumbye bivuguruzanya n’amategeko mashya y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi? Ese hari ubushake buhagije hagati y’abakoresha ibipaki bya nikotine ndetse n’abaturage muri rusange by’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango kugira ngo bashake amategeko mashya abuza cyangwa kubuza?

Fegenal yongeyeho ko icyo kintu cya nyuma, ari yo mpamvu e-itabi ritigeze ribuzwa mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Uburyo Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bugenga e-itabi mu 2014 birashoboka ko bizagira ingaruka ku buryo bugenga ibicuruzwa by’imifuka ya nikotine, ni ukuvuga kwibanda ku ngamba nko gucapa imiburo no kugabanya umubare munini wa nikotine wakoreshejwe.